Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Hottest Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Type:
All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
COVID-19 and Housing Injustice
In the United States, there has been a long history of environmental injustice that disproportionately affects racial and ethnic minorities and low-income communities due to racially targeted policies and widespread discrimination. Environmental racism can be revealed in housing discrimination that perpetuates inequities in exposure to environmental pollutants. Biased credit and mortgaging practices such as redlining have led to housing segregation of racial and ethnic minorities in the USA, permitting policymakers to diminish and disinvest in these communities. The COVID-19 pandemic has amplified housing instability for families of color, including Black and Hispanic/Latinx communities, putting them at increased risk for COVID-19 exposure. There is a need to investigate how environmental injustice intensifies the COVID-19 pandemic, illuminates racial and ethnic inequities in exposure to environmental contaminants, and fuels disparities in COVID-19 outcomes.
  • 262
  • 14 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Medical 3D Printing
3D printing (3DP) has advanced traditional medical treatments. Healthcare has witnessed a remarkable transformation with the emergence of reverse engineering 3D printing. This innovative technology has demonstrated its potential to surmount the limitations encountered by traditional medical treatments. With more than a decade of dedicated research and exploration, 3DP has garnered substantial attention for its ability to address the challenges in medical treatment by creating patient-specific implants, advanced medical devices, and intricate anatomical models.
  • 262
  • 09 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Clinical Management of Multidrug-Resistant Sepsis
Sepsis is a critical medical condition associated with significant biological and chemical abnormalities that pose a high death rate. Unlike superficial and confined infections, sepsis is a complex disturbance of the delicate immunologic equilibrium between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses. This interaction demonstrates the fragile connection between the immune system and the clinical signs of sepsis. Sepsis globally accounts for an alarming annual toll of 48.9 million cases, resulting in 11 million deaths, and inflicts an economic burden of approximately USD 38 billion on the United States healthcare system. The rise of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) has elevated the urgency surrounding the management of multidrug-resistant (MDR) sepsis, evolving into a critical global health concern.
  • 261
  • 18 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Gut Microbiota in Dysbiosis
Inflammation and oxidative stress are critical underlying mechanisms associated with COVID-19 that contribute to the complications and clinical deterioration of patients. Additionally, COVID-19 has the potential to alter the composition of patients’ gut microbiota, characterized by a decreased abundance of bacteria with probiotic effects. Interestingly, certain strains of these bacteria produce metabolites that can target the S protein of other coronaviruses, thereby preventing their transmission and harmful effects. At the same time, the presence of gut dysbiosis can exacerbate inflammation and oxidative stress, creating a vicious cycle that perpetuates the disease. Furthermore, it is widely recognized that the gut microbiota can metabolize various foods and drugs, producing by-products that may have either beneficial or detrimental effects. In this regard, a decrease in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate, can influence the overall inflammatory and oxidative state, affecting the prevention, treatment, or worsening of COVID-19.
  • 261
  • 10 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Sources of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Edible Oil
Given the heightened awareness of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) globally, it is especially critical to identify the sources of PFAS pollution in edible oils. Having a thorough knowledge of the causes of PFAS pollution in edible oils can assist in precisely pinpointing the sources of contamination and taking the necessary steps to decrease PFAS contamination and thereby safeguard human health. By recognising the sources of contamination, it is possible to enhance the effectiveness of pollution control, avoid superfluous investments, save resources, and advance sustainable environmental progress.
  • 261
  • 27 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Consequences on Family Informal Caregiving during COVID-19 Pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic has deeply affected the quality of people’s social life, strongly impacting family dynamics, too, not only in the harshest periods of the pandemic but also afterwards. Pandemic-related measures led to a ‘stay-at-home’ approach that increased the mental and physical burdens of family caregivers, irrespective of whether they were living together with the person they were caring for or not. 
  • 260
  • 24 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Bidirectional Relationship between Gut Dysbiosis, Anxiety and Depression
Inflammatory bowel disease represents one of the most life-altering gastrointestinal pathologies, with its multifactorial nature and unclear physiopathology. The most relevant clinical forms, ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, clinically manifest with mild to severe flares and remission periods that alter the patient’s social, familial and professional integration. The chronic inflammatory activity of the intestinal wall determines severe modifications of the local environment, such as dysbiosis, enteric endocrine, nervous and immune system disruptions and intestinal wall permeability changes. These features are part of the gastrointestinal ecosystem that modulates the bottom-to-top signaling to the central nervous system, leading to a neurobiologic imbalance and clinical affective and/or behavioral symptoms. The gut-brain link is a bidirectional pathway and psychological distress can also affect the central nervous system, which will alter the top-to-bottom regulation, leading to possible functional digestive symptoms and local inflammatory responses. In the middle of this neuro-gastrointestinal system, the microbiome is a key player, as its activities offer basic functional support for both relays.
  • 260
  • 14 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Psychodynamic Therapies for Treatment of Substance Addictions
Psychodynamic therapy has been used for a broad range of mental health disorders. From Freud to modern psychoanalysts, ideas have changed, and the range of theories that is currently enclosed has grown disproportionately. Psychodynamic interventions were shown to be as effective as other psychological treatments in treating substance dependence and proved to be an empirically-supported treatment for the above addictions.
  • 260
  • 11 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Impact of Radiotherapy on Bone Turnover
Radiotherapy (RT) plays a pivotal role in the oncological management of head and neck cancers (HNC). Radiotherapy is the only curative alternative for patients with early-stage squamous cell HNC who are medically inoperable. It is also the only option for inoperable locally advanced salivary gland carcinomas where effective chemotherapy alternatives are not accessible. Locally advanced HNC (LA-HNC) patients may benefit from RT as an adjuvant therapeutic option after surgery and as the backbone of organ-sparing treatment when combined with concurrent chemotherapy. Furthermore, RT can be an effective primary palliative strategy for recurrent or metastatic disease.
  • 259
  • 06 May 2023
Topic Review
NETosis in Disease Condition
Ischemic thrombotic disease, characterized by the formation of obstructive blood clots within arteries or veins, is a condition associated with life-threatening events, such as stroke, myocardial infarction, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. The conventional therapeutic strategy relies on treatments with anticoagulants that unfortunately pose an inherent risk of bleeding complications. These anticoagulants primarily target clotting factors, often overlooking upstream events, including the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Neutrophils are integral components of the innate immune system, traditionally known for their role in combating pathogens through NET formation. Emerging evidence has now revealed that NETs contribute to a prothrombotic milieu by promoting platelet activation, increasing thrombin generation, and providing a scaffold for clot formation.
  • 259
  • 07 Dec 2023
  • Page
  • of
  • 183
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
ScholarVision Creations
Feedback