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Topic Review
Cholangiocarcinoma According to Different Etiologies
This scenario is even more complex in the context of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), which encompasses an extremely heterogeneous group of malignancies arising from the intrahepatic (iCCA) and extrahepatic (eCCA) biliary tree. The molecular heterogeneity of CCA has been observed not only when comparing iCCA and eCCA subtypes, but also among patients with the same cancer type (inter-patient heterogeneity), and even across the different topographic regions of the tumor from the same patient (intra-patient heterogeneity).
  • 363
  • 12 May 2023
Topic Review
Precision Food Parenting
Precision nutrition is an evolving field, but considers a person’s health/disease status, genetics, metabolomics, microbiome, current food availability (e.g., grocery store, restaurant, home), and personal characteristics (e.g., previous food consumption that day, food preferences, etc.) to inform individualized guidance regarding the optimum nutrient intake to promote health for a child. Many factors influence child dietary intake, the most important of which need to be taken into consideration when making personalized dietary change prescriptions. 
  • 363
  • 15 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Immunological Interactions between Intestinal Helminth Infections and Tuberculosis
Helminth infections are among the neglected tropical diseases affecting billions of people globally, predominantly in developing countries. Helminths’ effects are augmented by coincident tuberculosis disease, which infects a third of the world’s population. The role of helminth infections on the pathogenesis and pathology of active tuberculosis (T.B.) remains controversial. Parasite-induced suppression of the efficacy of Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) has been widely reported in helminth-endemic areas worldwide. T.B. immune response is predominantly proinflammatory T-helper type 1 (Th1)-dependent. On the other hand, helminth infections induce an opposing anti-inflammatory Th2 and Th3 immune-regulatory response. 
  • 363
  • 17 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Ankyloglossia as a Barrier to Breastfeeding
Ankyloglossia, commonly referred to as tongue-tie, brings about functional difficulties and, in some cases, may lead to early weaning. It is crucial to use breastfeeding as the exclusive food source for the first six months of an infant’s life, and the interference of the tongue contributes substantially to success in this regard. Even though there are many publications about ankyloglossia, there are still many controversies about its definition, diagnosis, classification, and treatment decision determined via frenotomy.
  • 363
  • 01 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Mendelian Susceptibility to Mycobacterial Disease
The diagnosis and treatment of patients with mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD) pose consistent challenges due to the diverse infection spectrum observed in this population. Common clinical manifestations include Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine (BCG) complications in countries where routine BCG vaccination is practiced, while in non-BCG-vaccinating countries, Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) is prevalent. In tuberculosis-endemic regions, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) has a high prevalence, along with other intracellular organisms.
  • 362
  • 06 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Heart Health and Mental Wellbeing
Indigenous peoples have thrived since time immemorial across North America; however, over the past three to four generations there has been a marked increase in health disparities amongst Indigenous peoples versus the general population. Heart disease and mental health issues have been well documented and appear to be interrelated within Indigenous peoples across Canada.
  • 361
  • 22 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Sports Involvement on Body Image Perception and Ideals
Concerns about body image may affect athletes, mainly because of specific sports models to achieve successful performance.
  • 361
  • 06 May 2023
Topic Review
Exercise-Induced Hypoalgesia of Low-Intensity Blood Flow Restriction Exercises
Low-intensity exercise with blood flow restriction (LIE-BFR) has been proposed as an effective intervention to induce hypoalgesia in both healthy individuals and patients with knee pain. 
  • 361
  • 13 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Nurses’ Job Satisfaction in Saudi Arabian Hospitals
Job satisfaction can be defined as the extent to which people feel either positively or negatively about their work. Job satisfaction can also be defined as the degree to which an employee is satisfied with the benefits they receive from their work, especially when it comes to intrinsic motivations. It is a complicated concept that has been studied in many different fields, such as nursing, business, psychological science, and sociology. 
  • 361
  • 19 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Bacillus Calmette–Guérin Vaccine against Mycobacterium leprae Infections
Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) is a vaccine made from attenuated strains of M. bovis, a close relative of M. tuberculosis, and is routinely used in countries where tuberculosis (TB) is hyper-endemic. Mycobacterium leprae is a non-motile, acid-fast bacillus from the mycobacterium family. M. leprae is a non-culturable, obligate intracellular pathogen that causes a chronic granulomatous infection characterized predominantly by peripheral nerve damage and prominent skin lesions known as Leprosy or Hansen’s disease.
  • 361
  • 11 Mar 2022
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