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Topic Review
Musical Stimulation on Placental Programming of Preterm Infants
The fetal environment is modulated by the placenta, which integrates and transduces information from the maternal environment to the fetal developmental program and adapts rapidly to changes through epigenetic mechanisms that respond to internal (hereditary) and external (environmental and social) signals. Consequently, the fetus corrects the trajectory of own development. During the last trimester of gestation, plasticity shapes the fetal brain, and prematurity can alter the typical developmental trajectories. Prenatal music stimulation had positive effects on fetus, newborn, and pregnant mother while post-natal exposure affected the neurodevelopment of the preterm infants and parental interaction.
  • 417
  • 28 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Pneumococcal Disease in High-Risk Adults in Lebanon
Pneumococcal disease is predominantly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and affects people across all ages. The risk of pneumococcal disease increases distinctly with age.
  • 417
  • 08 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Pollutants Generated in Piggeries
Reducing the sources of stress on farms allows for enhanced animal welfare and productivity. Aerial contaminants and pollutants that can be found in indoor animal houses are among these stressors. In Italy, the guidelines to assess animal welfare in pig farming are displayed in a protocol named “ClassyFarm”, based on European legislation. Specific indications are given on the microclimatic conditions of livestock indoor environments (temperature, relative humidity, dustiness) and air quality, especially regarding harmful gases such as ammonia (NH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Nevertheless, the recommended measurement techniques for dust and harmful gases are not satisfactory.
  • 416
  • 25 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Salmonella and Salmonellosis in Public Health Implications
Salmonella is one of the most important zoonotic pathogen agents, causing an estimated 93.8 million cases of gastroenteritis worldwide annually, with 155,000 deaths. Efforts to reduce transmission of Salmonella by food and other routes must be implemented on a global scale. Salmonellosis control strategies are based on two fundamental aspects: (a) the reduction of prevalence levels in animals and (b) protection against infection in humans. 
  • 416
  • 23 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Analyzing Heart Failure Care by Actor-Partner Interdependence Model
Heart failure (HF) is a complex, heterogeneous, increasingly prevalent cardiovascular disorder with high morbidity and mortality. Self-care behaviors are essential for the effective treatment of heart failure, and poor self-care may lead to adverse clinical events in patients with HF, including repeated hospitalizations, poor quality of life, and increased mortality. One of the most common approaches for analyzing data on HF self-care dyads is the Actor–Partner Interdependence Model (APIM). Studies using the APIM approach revealed interrelated patient and caregiver characteristics that influence self-care and explain many complex dyadic behaviors. 
  • 416
  • 15 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Occupational Hearing Loss for Platinum Miners
This case study illustrates how research can be effectively, although not maliciously, obstructed by the strict protection of employee medical data. Clearly communicated company policies should be developed for the sharing of workers’ records in the mining industry to improve HCPs. 
  • 416
  • 21 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Challenges in Computer Vision and Artificial Intelligence Surgery
It can be said that deep-learning-based methods have significantly advanced research and development in the area of robotic surgery, across various tasks including objects detection and recognition, classification, navigation and construction of 3D representation of the environment. However, one of the key requirements for successfully implementation of DL-based methods is the availability of large volumes of carefully annotated datasets. In the surgical environment, this can be very expensive and labor-intensive tasks. More importantly, in some scenarios, it can be even impossible to acquire such data, for example, when you consider the need for estimating depth information for endoscopic surgery images, which is an important task to facilitate navigation in a surgery setting using a robot or a semi-autonomous device. In the deep learning era, if the researchers can obtain large volumes of good quality videos with the corresponding depth maps, then such a task may be very possible.
  • 416
  • 12 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Multimodality Imaging in HIV-Associated Cardiovascular Complications
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly reduced the risk of developing acquired immune deficiency syndrome and increased life expectancy, approaching that of the general population. However, people living with HIV have a substantially increased risk of cardiovascular diseases despite long-term viral suppression using ART. HIV-associated cardiovascular complications encompass a broad spectrum of diseases that involve the myocardium, pericardium, coronary arteries, valves, and systemic and pulmonary vasculature. Traditional risk stratification tools do not accurately predict cardiovascular risk in this population. Multimodality imaging plays an essential role in the evaluation of various HIV-related cardiovascular complications. 
  • 416
  • 25 May 2023
Topic Review
Diagnosis of Tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), one of the most successful pathogens in the world, has co-existed with humans for one thousand years and remains a major public health threat, causing over 2 million deaths annually. An early diagnosis and effective treatment are the keys to controlling TB. Methods based on the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) are insufficiently sensitive, methods based on the detection of Mtb-specific immune responses cannot always differentiate active disease from latent infection, and some of the serological markers of infection with Mtb are insufficiently specific to differentiate tuberculosis from other inflammatory diseases. New tools based on technologies such as flow cytometry, mass spectrometry, high-throughput sequencing, and artificial intelligence have the potential to solve this dilemma. 
  • 416
  • 25 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Quick-Response-Based Technology in Healthcare and Dentistry
 The present smart card is an advance in patient identification, using a quick-response (QR) code to automatically report or receive certain types of responses from patients or physicians once illuminated by signals from QR readers.
  • 415
  • 30 Nov 2022
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