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Topic Review
Metabolic Disease in the Offspring
Obesity incidence is rising worldwide, including women of reproductive age, contributing to increased gestations in which Maternal Obesity (MO) occurs. Offspring born to obese mothers present an increased predisposition to develop metabolic (e.g., obesity, diabetes) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The developmental programming of the metabolic dysfunction in MO offspring can initiate in utero. The different availability of metabolic substrates, namely glucose, can modulate cellular growth, proliferation, and differentiation, resulting in different levels of tissue maturation and function.
  • 449
  • 14 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Managing Earthquake Debris
Earthquakes have the potential to cause severe and widespread structural damage to buildings and infrastructure in the affected area. Earthquake debris mainly results from building collapses during intense ground motion and the emergency demolition of damaged and unstable buildings following a devastating earthquake. Debris management constitutes a major challenge that must be met by all those participating in disaster management as it poses threats to both the natural environment and public health in an earthquake-affected area. 
  • 448
  • 13 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Subgroups Identification of Chronic Low Back Pain Patients
The identification of homogeneous subgroups of patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP), based on distinct patterns of motor control, could support the tailoring of therapy and improve the effectiveness of rehabilitation. Differences in the patterns of motor control can be identified using outcome measures based on muscle activation or kinematic movement patterns, representing the outcomes of neural structures and processes.
  • 448
  • 08 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Human Monkeypox Management and Strategies
Monkeypox, a viral zoonosis caused by an Orthopoxvirus, is clinically characterized by fever, headache, lymphadenopathy, myalgia, rash and burdened by some complications that can be severe and life threatening. Monkeypox, endemic in some central and west African countries, in tropical areas near equator, rose to the headlines following its outbreak in non-endemic countries of Europe and the USA. Thus, the World Health Organization, worried about the growing dimension of the problem, declared monkeypox a global public health emergency.
  • 448
  • 28 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Microelement Composition of Reindeer Meat and Adaptation
The unique nutrition of the Arctic Indigenous Peoples is associated with their increased endurance, health, and adaptability to the harsh climate. Reindeer meat, blood, and liver are the most critical elements of this traditional nutrition enriched with minerals. Reindeer consumption is a crucial factor of successful adaptation to the cold stress, as well as a component of national culture, food, and economic security and sovereignty, affecting the well-being and health of the Indigenous population in the Arctic.
  • 447
  • 28 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Motor Imagery EEG Signal Channel Selection Techniques
Communication, neuro-prosthetics, and environmental control are just a few applications for disabled persons who use robots and manipulators that use brain-computer interface (BCI) systems. The brain’s motor imagery (MI) signal is an essential input for a brain-related task in BCI applications. Due to their noninvasive, portability, and cost-effectiveness, electroencephalography (EEG) signals are the most widely used input in BCI systems. The EEG data are often collected from more than 100 different locations in the brain; channel selection techniques are critical for selecting the optimum channels for a given application. However, when analyzing EEG data, the principal purpose of channel selection is to reduce computational complexity, improve classification accuracy by avoiding overfitting, and reduce setup time. Several channel selection assessment algorithms, both with and without classification-based methods, extracted appropriate channel subsets using defined criteria. 
  • 447
  • 14 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Knowledge Extraction for Health Management from Online Communities
Knowledge extraction from rich text in online health communities can supplement and improve the existing knowledge base, supporting evidence-based medicine and clinical decision making. The extracted time series health management data of users can help users with similar conditions when managing their health.
  • 446
  • 23 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Diagnosis and Management of Mandibular Crowding
Crowding is the most frequent malocclusion in orthodontics, with a strong hereditary tendency. It already occurs in pediatric age and is mainly hereditary. It is a sign of a lack of space in the arches, and is not self-correcting, but can worsen over time. The main cause of the worsening of this malocclusion is a progressive and physiological decrease in the arch perimeter.  An orthodontic treatment cannot ignore the concept of “guide arch”, which concerns the lower arch, because of the objective difficulty in increasing its perimeter; the bone structure of the lower jaw is more compact than that of the upper one. Its expansion, in fact, is limited to a slight vestibularization of the incisors and lateral sectors that may be associated with a limited distalization of the molars. There are various therapeutic solutions available to the orthodontist, and a correct diagnosis through clinical examination, radiographs and model analysis are essential. The decision of how to deal with crowding cannot be separated from an overall assessment of the malocclusion to be treated.
  • 446
  • 08 May 2023
Topic Review
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation for Pain Relief
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is used to alleviate the intensity of pain and involves the delivery of pulsed electrical currents across the skin to stimulate peripheral nerves. 
  • 446
  • 22 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Long COVID-19
“Long COVID-19” refers to the existence of symptoms weeks or months after contracting the SARS-CoV-2 infection, regardless of the viral state. The long COVID-19 or post COVID-19 condition is defined as the illness that arises in patients who have a history of suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, usually within three months of the commencement of COVID-19, with symptoms and consequences lasting at least two months.
  • 445
  • 19 Dec 2022
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