Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Hottest Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Type:
All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Urological Safety and COVID-19 Vaccinations
During the COVID-19 pandemic, elective surgeries were suspended for many months, and only high-risk oncological cases were addressed, although an ambulatory follow-up and management of benign conditions, which can cause lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), were essential. In neurologic patients, for example, LUTS have a great impact on quality of life and social life, and their clinical conditions can seriously worsen if not properly addressed.
  • 553
  • 24 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Recurrent and Residual Caries with Resin Composite Restorations
Caries is the most widely prevailing noncommunicable disease, and is a multifactorial process presently considered as biofilm-mediated rather than an infectious disease. According to the ecological plaque hypothesis, caries occurs as a result of an imbalance of oral microflora—normally more than 700 species—leading to an increase in cariogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli types. The accumulating cariogenic bacteria produce acids such as lactic acid that reduce the local pH, leading first to demineralization and later to the destruction of the organic matrix. Caries progresses when demineralization cycles prevail and remineralization cycles cease. Classically, bacterial proteases are blamed for the proteolytic process taking place because of dental caries. Recently, it has become increasingly evident that activated endogenous matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cystine cathepsins of salivary, gingival crevicular fluid and dentinal origin, together with bacterial proteases, share in degrading the dentin matrix of demineralized dentin. This takes place at neutralized pH levels where the buffering effect of saliva takes place, since MMPs operate only in neutral pH values.
  • 1.3K
  • 24 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Vasopressin in Cardiovascular Diseases
The automatism of cardiac pacemaker cells, which is tuned, is regulated by the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and multiple endocrine and paracrine factors, including cardiovascular peptides. The cardiovascular peptides (CPs) form a group of essential paracrine factors affecting the function of the heart and vessels. They may also be produced in other organs and penetrate to the heart via systemic circulation. Vasopressin is synthesized mostly by the neuroendocrine cells of the hypothalamus. 
  • 591
  • 23 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Religious Backgrounds and Legalisation of Suicide
Religion and laws, although the two have been linked for a long time and in some countries still are, also influence suicide-related views in the population.
  • 584
  • 23 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Protein Intake and Oral Health in Older Adults
Oral health is vital to general health and well-being for all ages, and as with other chronic conditions, oral health problems increase with age. There is a bi-directional link between nutrition and oral health, in that nutrition affects the health of oral tissues and saliva, and the health of the mouth may affect the foods consumed. Evidence suggests that a healthy diet generally has a positive impact on oral health in older adults. Although studies examining the direct link between oral health and protein intake in older adults are limited, some have explored the relationship via malnutrition, which is also prevalent among older adults. Protein–energy malnutrition (PEM) may be associated with poor oral health, dental caries, enamel hypoplasia, and salivary gland atrophy.
  • 1.7K
  • 23 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Electrochemical  Lactate (Bio)Sensor Transduction Approaches
Monitoring of lactate is spreading from the evident clinical environment, where its role as a biomarker is notorious, to the agrifood ambit as well. In the former, lactate concentration can serve as a useful indicator of several diseases (e.g., tumour development and lactic acidosis) and a relevant value in sports performance for athletes, among others. In the latter, the spotlight is placed on the food control, bringing to the table meaningful information such as decaying product detection and stress monitoring of species. No matter what purpose is involved, electrochemical (bio)sensors stand as a solid and suitable choice.
  • 551
  • 22 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Mechanism of Actions of Long Non-Coding RNAs
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are master regulators of almost all biological processes. LncRNAs perform their function mostly through different chromatin-based mechanisms such as signals, decoys, guides, and scaffolds in chromatin remodelling. LncRNAs play a major role in genomic imprinting. 
  • 547
  • 22 Nov 2022
Topic Review
T Cells in Metabolic Diseases
Metabolic disease is a kind of multi-system abnormal disease which is manifested by diseases or disorders that disrupt normal metabolism, including hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, and insulin resistance, and leads to a dramatic increase in the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases such as acute myocardial infarction and stroke. T cells are involved in the inflammatory response, which can also regulate the development of metabolic diseases, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells are mainly responsible for the role.
  • 534
  • 22 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Heart Health and Mental Wellbeing
Indigenous peoples have thrived since time immemorial across North America; however, over the past three to four generations there has been a marked increase in health disparities amongst Indigenous peoples versus the general population. Heart disease and mental health issues have been well documented and appear to be interrelated within Indigenous peoples across Canada.
  • 315
  • 22 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Epidemiological Investigations on Health Effects in Toner-Manufacturing Workers
Adverse health effects can occur in occupational engagements in various industries, and there have been several reports on the contamination of work environments by long-term exposure to chemicals such as heavy metals and organic solvents. Dust has long caused serious health problems at workplaces such as coal mines, tunnel construction, arc welding, metal grinding, foundries, and quarries.
  • 430
  • 22 Nov 2022
  • Page
  • of
  • 183
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Video Production Service
Feedback