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Topic Review
Adequate Chronic Pain Care in Italy
Appropriate pain care should be regarded as a right and effectively guaranteed to people with chronic pain (CP). Additionally, the World Health Organization (WHO) has recognized the importance of addressing CP as a global public health concern and has recommended that pain management be integrated into primary healthcare systems. Many individuals with CP continue to experience barriers to accessing appropriate and effective pain care, including a lack of education and training among healthcare providers, limited availability of specialized pain clinics, and misconceptions about the use of opioid medications for pain management. Furthermore, CP patients often encounter social stigmatization and discrimination, which can further complicate their access to care. There is a need for ongoing efforts to improve the recognition, assessment, and management of chronic pain, and to ensure that individuals with CP have access to appropriate and effective pain care that addresses their physical, psychological, and social needs. Law 38, enacted in Italy in 2010, establishes the citizen’s right not to suffer.
  • 547
  • 12 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Biomarkers Guide Early Detection of Acute Kidney Injury
The definition of acute kidney injury (AKI), despite improvements in criteria, continues to be based on the level of serum creatinine and urinary output that do not specifically indicate tubular function or injury, or glomerular function or injury that is not significant enough to warrant acute hospitalization of the patient. Finding novel biomarkers of AKI has become a major focus nowadays in nephrology to overcome the further complications of end stage renal disease (ESRD). Many compounds, such as KIM 1, IL 18, NGAL, uromodulin, calprotectin, vanin 1, galactin 3, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), urinary Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3), retinol binding protein (RBP) and Cystatin C, are released from the renal tubules and thus any alterations in tubular function can be detected by measuring these parameters in urine. Additionally, glomerular injury can be detected by measuring immunoglobulin G, nephrin, podocalyxin, podocin, transferrin, netrin-1, pyruvate kinase M2, etc. in urine. These novel biomarkers will be useful for timing the initial insult and assessing the duration of AKI. 
  • 296
  • 11 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Edible Mushrooms for Major Depressive Disorder
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is still defined as a unitary entity characterized by decontextualized symptoms, which include either: (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure (anhedonia); and at least five out of nine other symptoms (e.g., fatigue, insomnia, suicidal thoughts, diminished concentration, and psychomotor delay). To qualify as a major depressive episode, the symptoms have to persist for a minimum of 2 weeks and cause significant distress and disturbances in initiating and performing daily activities. Individuals with recurrent episodes are diagnosed with MDD. Edible medicinal mushrooms may be an adjunctive treatment for MDD.
  • 893
  • 10 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Women’s Empowerment, Food Security, Nutrition Transition in Africa
Despite mounting recognition of the essential role of women’s empowerment in household dietary and nutrition changes, the diversity of culture across African countries presents ambiguity as to whether its impact is experienced homogeneously across the continent. With their prominent role in the kitchen and household food preparation, women offer an important avenue for addressing several challenges in relation to the food subsector. Empowering them with the necessary capabilities can lead to changes in various aspects of households’ dietary patterns. Studies of Africa indicate that empowering women through physical capital, economic agency, and sociocultural factors can have a positive influence on either food security, diet improvements or the enrichment of diet-related health. 
  • 539
  • 09 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Microbiota in Shaping Women’s Health
A properly colonized human microbiota contributes to the proper functioning of the body. The composition of the natural flora changes depending on age, health, living conditions, and the use of antimicrobial agents: antibiotics, disinfectants, and some cosmetics. The human body is diversely populated with microorganisms and undergoes constant changes under the influence of various factors, and its proper composition is extremely important for the proper functioning of the body.
  • 365
  • 09 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Swallow Detection with Acoustics and Accelerometric-Based Wearable Technology
Swallowing disorders, especially dysphagia, might lead to malnutrition and dehydration and could potentially lead to fatal aspiration. Benchmark swallowing assessments, such as videofluoroscopy or endoscopy, are expensive and invasive. Wearable technologies using acoustics and accelerometric sensors could offer opportunities for accessible and home-based long-term assessment. Identifying valid swallow events is the first step before enabling the technology for clinical applications. 
  • 515
  • 09 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Wearable Sensing Technology and Long COVID
Long COVID consequences have changed the perception towards disease management, and it is moving towards personal healthcare monitoring. Wearable sensors are being explored for its simplicity, portability, and real time health monitoring system. These smart devices can detect physiological changes in the human body providing a real time solution for quicker medical decision.
  • 638
  • 09 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Ergonomics Evaluation Using Motion Capture Technology
Due to the increasingly high proportion of manual activities in production processes, there is a constant risk of musculoskeletal disorders or work-related injuries. The risk of these problems is exacerbated by the trend towards an ageing working population. European legislation is pressing for improved working conditions to eliminate the risks associated with health problems for workers. For this reason, the application of ergonomics in this field is growing. Musculoskeletal disorders, which are most often caused by inappropriate working postures, are a major problem. There are many methods for evaluating working postures. 
  • 539
  • 06 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Use of Digital Mental Health Platforms and Interventions
The increasing use of digital mental health (DMH) platforms and digital mental health interventions (DMHIs) is hindered by uncertainty over effectiveness, quality and usability. There is a need to identify the types of available evidence in this domain. There was a small amount of significant evidence (1 in each 11), notably the (cost-)effectiveness of a DMHI with significant long-term impact on anxiety and depression in adults. Empirical research has demonstrated the feasibility of DMH platforms and DMHIs. 
  • 576
  • 06 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Genomic Approaches to Cancer Screening in Primary Care
Genomic tests are being developed for use in cancer screening. As most screening is offered in primary care settings, primary care provider and patient perceptions of such tests are likely to affect uptake. 
  • 256
  • 05 Jan 2023
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