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Topic Review
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Hypophysitis
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a new type of antitumor drug which can achieve antitumor goals by blocking the binding of immune checkpoints to their ligands, thereby enhancing the activity of T cells. Meanwhile, ICIs block the binding of immune checkpoints to their ligands, disrupting the immune tolerance of T cells to self-antigens, which may lead to a series of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced hypophysitis (IH) is a relatively rare irAE. Due to the lack of specificity in clinical manifestations, it is difficult to accurately diagnose IH in a timely manner in clinical practice. However, the risk of adverse events, especially IH, for patients receiving ICIs has not been adequately investigated. Missed or delayed diagnosis may lead to poor prognosis or even adverse clinical outcomes.
  • 265
  • 05 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Urgent Threat of Infections by Antimicrobial Resistant Bacteria
Infectious disease outbreaks have caused thousands of deaths and hospitalizations, along with severe negative global economic impacts. Among these, infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms are a major growing concern. The misuse and overuse of antimicrobials have resulted in the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) worldwide. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) are among the bacteria that need urgent attention globally. The emergence and spread of carbapenem-resistant bacteria are mainly due to the rapid dissemination of genes that encode carbapenemases through horizontal gene transfer (HGT). The rapid dissemination enables the development of host colonization and infection cases in humans who do not use the antibiotic (carbapenem) or those who are hospitalized but interacting with environments and hosts colonized with carbapenemase-producing (CP) bacteria. There are continuing efforts to characterize and differentiate carbapenem-resistant bacteria from susceptible bacteria to allow for the appropriate diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control of infections.
  • 249
  • 04 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Clinical Manifestation, Pathogenesis and Diagnosis of Monkeypox Virus
Monkeypox virus is a double-stranded DNA virus species that causes disease in humans and mammals. It is a zoonotic virus belongs the genus Orthopoxviral, the family of Poxviridae, associated with the smallpox virus in many aspects. 
  • 341
  • 03 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Fluorescence-Based Portable Device in Healthcare Applications
The current global healthcare crisis underpins the importance of point-of-care technologies to provide a cost-effective solution to address the unmet healthcare needs. With a focus on providing rapid detection, POC devices are pivotal in containing disease, particularly those that are highly infectious. Additionally, the availability of POC devices will save time, cost, and travel for patients, particularly those who require frequent testing. This will also increase access to medical care for the underserved population. Overall, POC devices promise to alleviate the tradeoff between high cost and poor accessibility of testing, which makes them a robust solution.
  • 307
  • 03 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Tinnitus-Related Distress Classification Using Auditory Evoked Potential Signals
Tinnitus is a highly prevalent condition, affecting more than 1 in 7 adults in the EU and causing negative effects on sufferers’ quality of life. The objective identification and detection of bothersome tinnitus is a critical step in the proper management and administration of appropriate interventions or the combination of interventions for the patients. A detailed audiological evaluation, including auditory brainstem responses and auditory middle latency responses analysis, could constitute an objective method for reflecting the functions of the cochlear or auditory nerve to auditory cortex. 
  • 272
  • 03 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Breastfeeding on Food Allergies
Breastfeeding is the preferred method of infant feeding and its establishment is one of the primary goals for the infant. Allergic diseases are common in childhood, with increased morbidity. Food allergies are also associated with a strong negative impact on health-related quality of life and is a major public health problem. In addition, maternal exclusion of common allergens during pregnancy and/or lactation suggests that supplementation with regular cow’s milk formula during the first week of life should be avoided. Breast milk contains many active immune factors, such as cytokines, inflammatory mediators, signaling molecules and soluble receptors, which may also reduce the risk of allergic disease.
  • 319
  • 29 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Combating 131I Side Effects in Thyroid Cancer
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer, and its prevalence has been increasing for decades. Approx. 95% of differentiated thyroid carcinomas are treated using 131iodine (131I), a radionuclide with a half-life of 8 days, to achieve optimal thyroid residual ablation following thyroidectomy. However, while 131I is highly enriched in eliminating thyroid tissue, it can also retain and damage other body parts (salivary glands, liver, etc.) without selectivity, and even trigger salivary gland dysfunction, secondary cancer, and other side effects. 
  • 435
  • 29 Jun 2023
Topic Review
The Genus Tripleurospermum Sch. Bip.
Tripleurospermum, a prominent genus within the family Asteraceae, is recognized for its therapeutic potential in treating various ailments, including skin, digestive, and respiratory diseases; cancer; muscular pain; and stress and as a sedative. Through extensive phytochemical studies regarding the Tripleurospermum species, numerous chemical compounds have been identified and classified into distinct classes, predominantly encompassing terpenes, hydrocarbons, steroids, hydrocarbons, oxygenated compounds, flavonoids, tannins, alcohols, acids, melatonin, and fragrant compounds.
  • 327
  • 28 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Landscape Preference
Landscape preference (LP) is often a critical interdisciplinary research topic that explores the interaction between human beings and their environments. Human preferences for landscape can have a profound influence on how the preservation, reconstruction, and restoration of the landscape is approached, both consciously and unconsciously. Theories of LP emerged in the 1960s and can be divided into three need categories: (1) the need for survival, (2) the need for affection, and (3) the need for cognition.
  • 314
  • 28 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Human Emotion Recognition System
Emotion recognition becomes an important aspect in the development of human-machine interaction (HMI) systems. Positive emotions impact our lives positively, whereas negative emotions may cause a reduction in productivity. Emotionally intelligent systems such as chatbots and artificially intelligent assistant modules help make our daily life routines effortless. Moreover, a system which is capable of assessing the human emotional state would be very helpful to assess the mental state of a person.
  • 726
  • 28 Jun 2023
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