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Topic Review
Sustainable Health Care Provision Worldwide
Quality health care is an essential human right, on the agenda of sustainable development and presents a challenge in the twenty-first century. There are different perspectives regarding the price and quality of health care, and it is necessary to review the quality health care issue and how it influenced by price. Health care is a service industry, needs basic standards and specialized human resources to perform the procedure, and quality health care is not associated with an extra price. The quality of health care assures sustainability. Likewise, there are some additional choices during certain procedures, and those may have different price options and would be linked with quality. So, those optional health care and basic health need to define separately.
  • 262
  • 19 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Nutritional Importance of Lentils
The legume family includes approximately 19,300 species across three large subfamilies, of which Papilionoideae stands out with 13,800 species. Lentils were one of the first crops to be domesticated by humans. They are diploid legumes that belong to the Papilionoidea subfamily and are of agricultural importance because of their resistance to drought and the fact that they grow in soil with a pH range of 5.5–9; therefore, they are cultivated in various types of soil, and so they have an important role in sustainable food and feed systems in many countries. In addition to their agricultural importance, lentils are a rich source of protein, carbohydrates, fiber, vitamins, and minerals. They are key to human nutrition since they are an alternative to animal proteins, decreasing meat consumption. 
  • 262
  • 18 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Effect of Heating Processes on Red Meat
The heating process is a crucial step that can lead to the formation of several harmful chemical compounds in red meat such as heterocyclic aromatic amines, N-Nitrosamines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and acrylamide. Meat has high nutritional value, providing essential amino acids, bioactive compounds and several important micronutrients which can also be affected by heating processes.
  • 262
  • 17 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Continuing Professional Training or Development in Maintaining Employment
Employee exit from the labor market is influenced by various factors, such as personal, work, and organizational factors. Age is a key factor that affects the risk of disability retirement, which is higher among older workers, and the intention to quit the current job, which is lower among older workers. Education level also plays a role, as workers with lower education are more likely to leave the labor force due to disability, unemployment, or early retirement.
  • 260
  • 07 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli
Multiple-antibiotic-resistant (MAR) extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) represents one of the most frequent causes of human nosocomial and community-acquired infections, whose eradication is of major concern for clinicians. ExPECs may inhabit indefinitely as commensal the gut of humans and other animals; from the intestine, they may move to colonize other tissues, where they are responsible for a number of diseases, including recurrent and uncomplicated UTIs, sepsis and neonatal meningitis. In the pre-antibiotic era, heavy metals were largely used as chemotherapeutics and/or as antimicrobials in human and animal healthcare. As with antibiotics, the global incidence of heavy metal tolerance in commensal, as well as in ExPEC, has increased following the ban in several countries of antibiotics as promoters of animal growth. Furthermore, it is believed that extensive bacterial exposure to heavy metals present in soil and water might have favored the increase in heavy-metal-tolerant microorganisms. The isolation of ExPEC strains with combined resistance to both antibiotics and heavy metals has become quite common and, remarkably, it has been shown that heavy metal resistance genes may co-select antibiotic-resistance genes. 
  • 260
  • 19 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Glucocorticoid Treatment in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS), triggered by various pathogenic factors inside and outside the lungs, leads to diffuse lung injury and can result in respiratory failure and death, which are typical clinical critical emergencies. Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), which has a poor clinical prognosis, is one of the most common diseases that induces ARDS. When SAP causes the body to produce a storm of inflammatory factors and even causes sepsis, clinicians will face a two-way choice between anti-inflammatory and anti-infection objectives while considering the damaged intestinal barrier and respiratory failure, which undoubtedly increases the difficulty of the diagnosis and treatment of SAP-ALI/ARDS.
  • 260
  • 15 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Displacement-Based Approaches for Protein-Bound Uremic Toxins Removal
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients rely on renal replacement therapies to survive. Hemodialysis (HD), the most widely applied treatment, is responsible for the removal of excess fluid and uremic toxins (UTs) from blood, particularly those with low molecular weight (MW < 500 Da). The development of high-flux membranes and more efficient treatment modes, such as hemodiafiltration, have resulted in improved removal rates of UTs in the middle molecular weight range. However, the concentrations of protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs) remain essentially untouched. Due to the high binding affinity to large proteins, such as albumin, PBUTs form large complexes (MW > 66 kDa) which are not removed during HD and their accumulation has been strongly associated with the increased morbidity and mortality of patients with ESRD. 
  • 259
  • 22 May 2023
Topic Review
Artificial Intelligence-Based Diagnosis of Renal Cell Carcinoma Subtypes
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is characterized by its diverse histopathological features, which pose possible challenges to accurate diagnosis and prognosis. The use of AI in radiology, which is also known as radiomics, has shown excellent diagnostic accuracy for detecting RCC and can even provide information regarding RCC subtyping, nuclear grade prediction, gene mutations, and gene expression-based molecular signatures.
  • 259
  • 21 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Blood-Based Biomarkers of Autopsies
Autopsies are still needed for the determination and correction of causes of death, even in “clear-cut” cases. Moreover, post mortem sample handling and analysis are challenges that need to be addressed, as they can produce variability in the findings; for this reason, validation with biomarkers is of key importance. 
  • 257
  • 25 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Epidemiological Scenario of and Gastric Cancer in Chile
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic bacterium that colonizes the gastric mucosa of more than 50% of the world’s population. In 1994, the International Agency for Research on Cancer classified it as a Group I carcinogen. Infection can be acquired in childhood and persist asymptomatically throughout life. H. pylori causes chronic gastritis. This can lead to peptic ulcers as well as premalignant lesions such as atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and dysplasia, which can eventually trigger gastric cancer. Atrophic gastritis is the first step in the premalignant cascade and is characterized by the loss of gastric glandular cells, resulting in reduced acid production and an increase in pH levels. Intestinal metaplasia refers to the transformation of the gastric epithelium into an intestinal-type epithelium, which can be complete or incomplete, depending on the presence of goblet cells among the epithelial cells. 
  • 257
  • 07 Feb 2024
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