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Topic Review
Risk-Reducing Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy
Risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (RRBSO) is the gold standard preventative option for BRCA mutation carriers at high risk for ovarian and breast cancer. RRBSO involves the surgical removal of both ovaries, as well as fallopian tubes, as fallopian tubes are increasingly being recognized as the site of origin for the most common and lethal form of ovarian cancer, high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Guidelines from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) reccomend people with BRCA1 mutations to indergo RRBSO between the ages of 35 to 40 and upon completion of childbearing. Since the onset of ovarian cancer among BRCA2 mutations carriers is approximately 8 to 10 years later than in BRCA1 mutations carriers, the recommended timing of RRBSO is delayed to ages 40 to 45. Despite the effectiveness of undergoing RRBSO at the recommended age, it also induces immediate surgical menopause with an abrupt and significant decline in levels of sex hormones. As a result, surgical menopause is associated with various adverse physical, mental, and cognitive health outcomes. 
  • 356
  • 09 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Blood Flow Restriction and Ocular Health
Despite the many health benefits of resistance training, it has been suggested that high-intensity resistance exercise is associated with acute increases in intraocular pressure which is a significant risk factor for the development of glaucomatous optic nerve damage. Therefore, resistance training using a variety of forms (e.g., resistance bands, free weights, weight machines, and bodyweight) may be harmful to patients with or at risk of glaucoma. An appropriate solution for such people may involve the combination of resistance training and blood flow restriction (BFR). During the last decade, the BFR (a.k.a. occlusion or KAATSU training) method has drawn great interest among health and sports professionals because of the possibility for individuals to improve various areas of fitness and performance at lower exercise intensities. 
  • 355
  • 08 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders and Inadequacy of Care
Prenatal alcohol exposure is one of the major avoidable causes of developmental disruption and health abnormalities in children. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs), a significant consequence of prenatal alcohol exposure, have gained more attention. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders are an umbrella term used to describe a pattern of disabilities and abnormalities that result from fetal exposure to ethanol during pregnancy and are the most common non-heritable causes of intellectual disability. The effects on the fetus may include physical, mental, behavioral, and/or learning disabilities, with possible lifelong implications, and encompass a phenotypic range that can greatly vary between individuals but reliably include one or more of the following: facial dysmorphism, fetal growth deficiency, central nervous system dysfunction, and neurobehavioral impairment. 
  • 354
  • 03 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Fundamental/Longitudinal Life History Trade-Offs on Delay Discounting
Delay discounting (DD) was a product of two distinct life history trade-offs, reflecting both the trait-like quality and age-related development.  
  • 362
  • 05 May 2022
Topic Review
Eating Behaviors of People with Chronic Stress
Psychological stressors frequently occur in modern society, and are associated with general anhedonic traits (inability to experience pleasure) and altered eating behavior. As eating behavior is largely motivated by a desire for pleasure, the Food Pleasure Scale (FPS) was introduced as a new research tool for investigating aspects of pleasure from food-related experiences. 
  • 354
  • 16 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Hand Sanitizer Gels
Hand hygiene is a crucial measure in the prevention and control of infections, and there is a growing awareness among individuals who are making a conscious effort to maintain hand cleanliness. With the advent of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, the demand for hand hygiene products has also gradually shifted towards those with antimicrobial properties. Among these products, hand sanitizer gels (HSGs) have gained considerable popularity as an efficient method of hand cleaning, due to their rapid drying and sustained antimicrobial efficacy. 
  • 355
  • 23 Aug 2023
Topic Review
European Wild Carnivores and Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria
Antibiotic resistance is a global concern that affects not only human health but also the health of wildlife and the environment. Wildlife can serve as reservoirs for antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and antibiotics in veterinary medicine and agriculture can contribute to the development of resistance in these populations.
  • 354
  • 22 Dec 2023
Topic Review
An Underutilized Food “Miwu”
Miwu (“蘼芜” in Chinese), the stems and leaves of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. has been used in China as a food for least 800 years. Modern research has shown that Miwu has a high dietary fibre content, is rich in iron and low in sodium, and has a similar aroma to celery but more than 4 times the dietary fibre content. At the same time, the wide cultivation of this herb, in combination with the use of the root as medicine, can better enhance the utilisation of this plant.
  • 354
  • 29 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Reasons for Withdrawal of Microplastics from Abrasive Cosmetics
Microplastics have been widely used in cosmetics and, among other things, very often as an abrasive component in peelings. This type of additive is not the main cause of environmental microplastic contamination, but it can pose a significant threat to the environment and to people. Manufacturers are increasingly taking the decision to withdraw microplastics from cosmetics, replacing them with alternatives, and this is also happening because of legal requirements. 
  • 354
  • 17 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Impact of COVID-19 on Overeating
It is found that stress and the family environment can affect overeating, but less is known about how COVID-19 stressors and family health may affect overeating during the COVID-19 pandemic. 
  • 353
  • 31 May 2022
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