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Topic Review
Public Education on Cervical Cancer in Poland
Proper targeted cancer prophylaxis reduces the incidence of cancer in all forms; this includes cancers with significant progression potential and poor prognosis. refinement of the public education on cervical cancer (CC) risk factors, popularization of CC screening incentives amongst the public, and improvement of networking strategies between CC screening facilities (“cervical screening clinical”), allowing screenings to be more efficient and rapid. To enhance the future quality of life of those with rapid CC progression by catching the disease preemptively and limiting the sequelae of the disease, it is important to improve education and access to medical services.
  • 401
  • 25 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Mental Stress in Medical Students during the Pandemic
Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, students had to interrupt their regular studies, and universities changed their teaching formats. The lockdowns affected students in more ways than simply their teaching formats. Students require individual support to adjust to difficult situations, and particularly medical students in their preclinical phase compared to students in their clinical phases. These are challenges for the medical education system, which must find ways to be prepared for future times of crisis and insecurity.
  • 401
  • 23 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Physical Activity Measurement Methodologies
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a preventable threat to livelihood and longevity in the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) and insufficient physical activity (PA) is a primary cause of NCDs.
  • 401
  • 04 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Pneumococcal Disease in High-Risk Adults in Lebanon
Pneumococcal disease is predominantly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and affects people across all ages. The risk of pneumococcal disease increases distinctly with age.
  • 401
  • 08 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Interventions for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Refugee Minors
The number of children on the move has grown at an unprecedented rate. Unaccompanied refugee minors (URM) had a prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD of 17–85%). There were numerous factors that contributed to PTSD, including cumulative stress and trauma, guilt, shame, and uncertainty about legal status. Protective factors included resilience, a trusted mentor, belonging to a social network, religion, having an adult mentor, and having a family (even if far away). Immigrant youth can thrive most easily in multiculturally affirming countries. Five interventions demonstrated effectiveness, comprising trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT); “Mein Weg”, a TF-CBT combined with a group-processing mixed therapy approach; teaching recovery techniques (TRT), narrative exposure therapy for children (KIDNET), and expressive arts intervention (EXIT).
  • 401
  • 12 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Methylmercury, DNA, and Chromatin
Methylmercury (MeHg) is an environmental neurotoxin that can adversely affect the development of the nervous system. The molecular integrity of chromatin in the nucleus is an important target of MeHg. Low levels of MeHg trigger epigenetic mechanisms that may be involved in long-lasting and transgenerational neurotoxicity after exposure. Emerging evidence has shown that these mechanisms include histone modification, short interfering RNA (siRNA), and DNA methylation.
  • 400
  • 19 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Tuberculosis in the Elderly
The tuberculosis (TB) epidemic is most prevalent in the elderly, and there is a progressive increase in the notification rate with age. Most cases of TB in the elderly are linked to the reactivation of lesions that have remained dormant. The awakening of these lesions is attributable to changes in the immune system related to senescence. The mortality rate from tuberculosis remains higher in elderly patients. Symptoms of active TB are nonspecific and less pronounced in the elderly. Diagnostic difficulties in the elderly are common in many diseases but it is important to use all possible techniques to make a microbiological diagnosis. Recognising frailty to prevent loss of independence is a major challenge in dealing with the therapeutic aspects of elderly patients. Several studies report contrasting data about poorer tolerance of TB drugs in this population. Adherence to antituberculosis treatment is a fundamental issue for the outcome of treatment. Decreased completeness of treatment was shown in older people as well as a higher risk of treatment failure. 
  • 400
  • 10 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Infection Control against Candidaauris in Healthcare Facilities
Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant yeast with high mortality rate, especially in patients with underlying co-morbidities. It has been known to contaminate the environment and colonize human skin for prolonged periods in healthcare settings leading to difficult-to-control outbreaks. However, there is limited literature on the efficacy of different disinfectants/antiseptics, which can effectively decontaminate the environment and decolonize patients to prevent the spread of C. auris.
  • 400
  • 05 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Tuberculosis in the Twenty-First Century
With an estimated two billion people being carriers of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), the gains achieved by increasing access to diagnostics and treatment, although substantial, have had a modest impact on the global burden of tuberculosis (TB). At the same time, increased access to treatment has had the unintended consequence that drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) has increased dramatically. Earlier TB control strategies strongly emphasizing medical treatment have failed to address these issues effectively.
  • 400
  • 23 May 2023
Topic Review
Aerosolization of Moulds Particles from Contaminated Materials
Fungi are well known as common contaminants of the indoor environment with the ability to grow on many types of building materials and to subsequently release biological particles into the indoor air. The aerosolization of allergenic compounds or mycotoxins borne by fungal particles or vehiculated by dust may have a direct impact on the occupant’s health. 
  • 399
  • 07 Mar 2023
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