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Topic Review
Common Misconceptions in Food Allergy
Food allergies are common, affecting 6–8% of children and 10.8% of adults, and are reported to be on the rise. The quality of life of children and their caregivers is known to be significantly affected. Food-allergic patients often worry about unintentional exposures and their consequences, especially anaphylaxis and life-threatening events. Patients face multiple dietary and psychosocial restrictions (such as exclusion from peer social activities, isolation and bullying). Optimal care for food allergies should be based on published evidence and national or international guidelines. Unfortunately, multiple misconceptions exist regarding prevention, diagnosis, management and burden resulting from food allergies. We also live in an era when patients have access to a multitude of medical information sources, not all of which are reliable or accurate.
  • 496
  • 06 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Pediatric Medical Devices
Children represent the future, and ensuring their physical, socio-emotional, language, and cognitive development is integral to health technology development. The development of a child from term or preterm neonate to a fully mature individual relies on complex physiological, anatomical, developmental, and social changes. Understanding the inter- and intra-population differences within the pediatric subpopulations is necessary to address the existing challenges and break down some of the long-recognized barriers. There is thus a clear need for research infrastructure and networks with the depth of expertise to support pediatric device development through collaboration across the life sciences sector. 
  • 496
  • 10 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Home-Based Parent–Child Interaction Therapy
The current study evaluates the effectiveness of an adapted version of Parent–Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT). Based on theoretical foundations and increasing empirical evidence, PCIT is regarded as one of the most effective treatments in preventing child maltreatment. PCIT is a well-established parent training program originally developed for children aged between two and seven years with disruptive behavior problems, that is widely available across countries and cultures. Since child disruptive behavior problems play an important role in negative parent–child interactions, parenting stress, and parental harsh discipline, this behavior is not only a consequence of maltreatment, but also a strong factor in the risk for child maltreatment. Therefore, PCIT has been used at an increasing level in other populations including different ethnic populations and child welfare populations that are related to child maltreatment.
  • 495
  • 11 Aug 2021
Topic Review
COVID-19-Related Neuro Events and Adverse Outcome Pathways
Several reports have shown that the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has the potential to also be neurotropic. Four Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) leading to neurological adverse outcomes (AO), anosmia, encephalitis, stroke, and seizure, were developed. Biological key events (KEs) identified to induce these AOs included binding to ACE2, blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption, hypoxia, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. The modularity of AOPs allows the construction of AOP networks to visualize core pathways and recognize neuroinflammation and BBB disruption as shared mechanisms.
  • 495
  • 11 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Regulation Mechanism of ssDNA Aptamer in Nanozymes
Food safety issues are a worldwide concern. Pathogens, toxins, pesticides, veterinary drugs, heavy metals, and illegal additives are frequently reported to contaminate food and pose a serious threat to human health. Conventional detection methods have difficulties fulfilling the requirements for food development in a modern society. Therefore, novel rapid detection methods are urgently needed for on-site and rapid screening of massive food samples. Due to the extraordinary properties of nanozymes and aptamers, biosensors composed of both of them provide considerable advantages in analytical performances, including sensitivity, specificity, repeatability, and accuracy. They are considered a promising complementary detection method on top of conventional ones for the rapid and accurate detection of food contaminants.
  • 495
  • 11 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Periodontitis Classification, Clinical Features and Diagnosis
Periodontitis is a clinical condition where there is chronic inflammation of the periodontium, resulting in the loss of the periodontal ligament and damage to the surrounding alveolar bone. Various microorganisms have been linked to periodontitis. Chronic inflammation is responsible for various complications which are seen in periodontitis cases. For better treatment and diagnosis, it is important to understand the association of periodontitis with other systemic diseases.
  • 495
  • 31 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Unethical Role of Artificial Intelligence in Scholarly Writing
The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) has greatly propelled progress across various sectors including the field of nephrology academia. However, this advancement has also given rise to ethical challenges, notably in scholarly writing. AI’s capacity to automate labor-intensive tasks like literature reviews and data analysis has created opportunities for unethical practices, with scholars incorporating AI-generated text into their manuscripts, potentially undermining academic integrity. 
  • 495
  • 05 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Massive Open Online Courses in Healthcare Field
In the healthcare field, the need to ensure effective and economically sustainable training has led to a focus on technology-enhanced learning (TEL) and, specifically, to massive open online courses (MOOCs). These courses can be regarded as a significant step forward in the educational field due to the ease of access and convenient content delivery they offer. Specifically, MOOCs are courses potentially aimed at an unlimited number of students (massive). They can register free of charge (open) and enjoy, via the internet (online), learning-oriented content characterized by a structured learning plan (course).
  • 494
  • 14 Nov 2022
Topic Review
COVID-19 Pandemic in Africa
On 30 January 2020, WHO declared COVID-19 a public health emergency of global concern. COVID-19 became pandemic on 11 March 2020, and spread unprecedently. No country was prepared to face its impact. Major fears started to be expressed for Africa, where dramatic consequences were expected, due to the weakness of health systems. The limited resources, in terms of qualified physicians, medical equipment and hospital infrastructures marked an undeniable inequality and highlighted the need to empower local capacity, raising the level of preparedness of African nations against infection outbreaks.
  • 494
  • 07 May 2024
Topic Review
HPV Vaccination among KA and Koreans
Koreans and Korean Americans (KAs) have limited HPV knowledge and awareness.
  • 493
  • 05 Jan 2022
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