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Topic Review
Nursing Interventions for Smoking Cessation
The purpose of this entry is to synthesize the factors that are associated with smoking cessation intervention among nurses. We conducted a systematic search of the literature published from database inception through to 22 April 2020, in five electronic databases including Pubmed, CINAHL Plus, Scopus, Web of science, and ProQuest.
  • 1.7K
  • 25 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Nursing Interventions Classification and Nurses’ Workloads
The Nursing Interventions Classification allows the systematic organisation of care treatments performed by nurses, and an estimation of the time taken to carry out the intervention is included in its characteristics. The evidence found through the use of Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) terminology to determine nurses’ workloads is not conclusive. The NIC time averages are an adequate tool for understanding the impact of nurses’ workload on people’s health care. Yet the number of studies needs to be increased to provide more scientific evidence, along with improvements in methodological quality and rigour. Nurses must implement the quantity and quality of the recording in standardised NIC terminology throughout health records and in all clinical settings to advance the study of its relationship to the measurement of nurses’ workload. This could substantially contribute to improvements in staffing and quality of patient care.
  • 306
  • 04 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Nurses’ Job Satisfaction in Saudi Arabian Hospitals
Job satisfaction can be defined as the extent to which people feel either positively or negatively about their work. Job satisfaction can also be defined as the degree to which an employee is satisfied with the benefits they receive from their work, especially when it comes to intrinsic motivations. It is a complicated concept that has been studied in many different fields, such as nursing, business, psychological science, and sociology. 
  • 303
  • 19 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Nuclear Medicine Based on the Example of [89Zr]Zr-PSMA-DFO
The interdisciplinary possibilities inherent in nuclear medicine offer an opportunity for the patient-centered development of radioactive pharmaceuticals based on specific research questions. This approach provides radiopharmaceutical manufacturers with a robust scientific foundation on which to navigate the regulatory requirements for drug approval laid down by the law. A vivid illustration of this interdisciplinary cooperation has been the development of a Zr-89-labeled PSMA ligand where reliable results have been obtained across various domains, including chemistry, radiochemistry, biochemistry, and preclinical research. This comprehensive process extended to feasibility studies conducted with carefully selected patients from a single nuclear medicine clinic. 
  • 151
  • 24 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Novel Therapeutic Devices in Heart Failure
Heart failure (HF) constitutes a significant clinical problem and is associated with a sizeable burden for the healthcare system. Numerous novel techniques, including device interventions, are investigated to improve clinical outcome. Interventions regarding autonomic nervous system imbalance, i.e., baroreflex activation therapy; vagus, splanchnic and cardiopulmonary nerves modulation; respiratory disturbances, i.e., phrenic nerve stimulation and synchronized diaphragmatic therapy; decongestion management, i.e., the Reprieve system, transcatheter renal venous decongestion system, Doraya, preCardia, WhiteSwell and Aquapass, are presented.
  • 268
  • 24 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Nosocomial Infections and Role of Nanotechnology
Nosocomial infections, termed hospital-acquired infections (HAIs), are acquired from a healthcare or hospital setting. HAI is mainly caused by bacteria, such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterococci spp., Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and many more. Due to growing antibacterial resistance, nanotechnology has paved the way for more potent and sensitive methods of detecting and treating bacterial infections.
  • 533
  • 09 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Nonparametric Limits of Agreement
The assessment of agreement in method comparison and observer variability analysis of quantitative measurements is usually done by the Bland-Altman Limits of Agreement, where the paired differences are implicitly assumed to follow a normal distribution. Whenever this assumption does not hold, the 2.5% and 97.5% percentiles are obtained by quantile estimation. In the literature, empirical quantiles have been used for this purpose. In this simulation study, we applied both sample, subsampling, and kernel quantile estimators as well as other methods for quantile estimation to sample sizes between 30 and 150 and different distributions of the paired differences. The performance of 15 estimators in generating prediction intervals was measured by their respective coverage probability for one newly generated observation. Our results indicated that sample quantile estimators based on one or two order statistics outperformed all the other estimators and can be used for deriving nonparametric Limits of Agreement. For sample sizes exceeding 80 observations, more advanced quantile estimators, such as the Harrell-Davis and estimators of Sfakianakis-Verginis type, which use all the observed differences, performed likewise well, but may be considered intuitively more appealing than simple sample quantile estimators that are based on only two observations per quantile.
  • 3.1K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Noncommunicable Diseases
Sleep is extremely important for the homeostasis of the organism. In recent years, various studies have been carried out to address factors related to sleep patterns and their influence on food choices, as well as on the onset of chronic noncommunicable diseases.
  • 323
  • 08 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in the Fight against COVID-19
In Italy, a flowchart to be used by General Practitioners for the at-home treatment of patients with COVID-19, has been released. It states that early at-home treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection is possible due to the availability of specific antiviral drugs to be used in at-risk patients, and that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have an important function in combating the virus. Therefore, the use of NSAIDs is not only rational but also effective in cases that cannot be treated using antivirals. 
  • 1.1K
  • 17 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Wandering in Patients with Dementia
Aberrant motor behaviour or wandering refers to aimless movement without a specific purpose. Wandering is common in patients with dementia and leads to early institutionalization and caregivers’ burden. Non-pharmacological interventions should be also considered as a first-line solution for the wandering because current pharmacological treatment has serious side-effects. 
  • 398
  • 20 Jan 2022
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