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Topic Review
Occupational Hearing Loss for Platinum Miners
This case study illustrates how research can be effectively, although not maliciously, obstructed by the strict protection of employee medical data. Clearly communicated company policies should be developed for the sharing of workers’ records in the mining industry to improve HCPs. 
  • 375
  • 21 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Occupational Exposure to Halogenated Anaesthetic Gases in Hospitals
Objective During the induction of gaseous anaesthesia, waste anaesthetic gases (WAGs) can be released into workplace air. Occupational exposure to high levels of halogenated WAGs may lead to adverse health effects; hence, it is important to measure WAGs concentration levels to perform risk assessment and for health protection purposes.
  • 350
  • 13 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Obstructive Sleep Apnea(OSA)
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder that affects all age groups and is associated with many co-morbid diseases (especially cardiovascular diseases). Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the gold standard for treating OSA. However, and with increasing prevalence of CPAP non-adherence, other therapeutic interventions have emerged. Hypoglossal nerve stimulation is a novel modality of treating patients with moderate to severe OSA who are not adherent to CPAP.
  • 375
  • 02 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Heart Failure
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by repetitive upper airway closure due to soft tissue collapse and genioglossus muscle relaxation in the upper airway resulting in apneas (cessation of breathing for 10 s or longer) and hypopneas (reductions in breathing coupled with desaturation and/or arousal). OSA is highly prevalent among patients with asymptomatic left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction and congestive heart failure, and if untreated may contribute to the clinical progression of heart failure (HF).
  • 412
  • 06 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Obstetric and Perinatal Outcomes Resulting from IVF Pregnancies
The number of pregnancies achieved using in vitro fertilization (IVF) is rapidly increasing around the world. The chance of obtaining a successful pregnancy is also significantly improved due to technological advances and improvement in infertility treatment. Despite this success, there is evidence that pregnancy conceived by IVF has an increased risk of adverse maternal and perinatal outcome mainly represented by the development of hypertensive diseases, pre-eclampsia, and fetal growth restriction. Although different cofactors may play a role in the genesis of these diseases, the development of the placenta has a pivotal function in determining pregnancy outcomes.
  • 427
  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Objectivizing Measures of Post-Stroke Hand Rehabilitation through Multi-Disciplinary Scales
There is a wide variety of tools and measures for rehabilitation outcomes in post-stroke patients with impairments in the upper limb and hand, such as paralysis, paresis, flaccidity, and spasticity. However, there is a lack of general recommendations for selecting the most appropriate scales, tests, and instruments to objectively evaluate therapy outcomes. Reviews on upper limb and hand measurements reveal that clinicians’ choices of tools and methods are highly varied. Some clinicians and medical teams continue to employ non-standard and unverified metrics in their research and measurements.
  • 244
  • 09 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Obesity, Pregnancy and the Social Contract with Adolescents
Adolescent health and well-being are of great concern worldwide, and adolescents encounter particular challenges, vulnerabilities and constraints. The dual challenges of adolescent parenthood and obesity are of public health relevance because of the life-altering health and socioeconomic effects on both the parents and the offspring. Prevention and treatment strategies at the individual and population levels have not been successful in the long term, suggesting that adolescent pregnancy and obesity cannot be managed by more of the same. Here, the researchers view adolescent obese pregnancy through the lens of the social contract with youth. The disruption of this contract is faced by today’s adolescents, with work, social and economic dilemmas which perpetuate socioeconomic and health inequities across generations. The lack of employment, education and social opportunities, together with obesogenic settings, increase vulnerability and exposure to lifelong health risks, affecting their offspring’s life chances too. To break such vicious circles of disadvantage and achieve sustainable solutions in real-world settings, strong efforts on the part of policymakers, healthcare providers and the community must be oriented towards guaranteeing equity and healthy nutrition and environments for today’s adolescents. The involvement of adolescents themselves in developing such programs is paramount, not only so that they feel a sense of agency but also to better meet their real life needs. 
  • 541
  • 13 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Nutritional Status of Landfill Waste Pickers
Waste pickers are an extremely vulnerable population from an occupational health perspective. In addition, their precarious income generation and fierce relative competition for “spots” on landfill sites to seek out a livelihood compromise their health seeking behaviour, yet they contribute to reduction of waste to landfill sites and environmental sustainability. Knowledge and understanding of the lived realities of waste pickers should guide service delivery planning by community nutrition and public health practitioners. 
  • 474
  • 28 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Nutritional Status in Patients with Esophageal Cancer
Esophageal cancer is associated with shorter survival times due to the increased incidence of malnourishment and cachexia in patients with the disease, which is prevalent in patients with obesity, as well. Although the prognostic significance of the nutritional status does not mean exclusion from treatment, the need for timely nutritional assessment is important, as interventions for the treatment of malnutrition can considerably improve survival.
  • 308
  • 16 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Nutritional Importance of Lentils
The legume family includes approximately 19,300 species across three large subfamilies, of which Papilionoideae stands out with 13,800 species. Lentils were one of the first crops to be domesticated by humans. They are diploid legumes that belong to the Papilionoidea subfamily and are of agricultural importance because of their resistance to drought and the fact that they grow in soil with a pH range of 5.5–9; therefore, they are cultivated in various types of soil, and so they have an important role in sustainable food and feed systems in many countries. In addition to their agricultural importance, lentils are a rich source of protein, carbohydrates, fiber, vitamins, and minerals. They are key to human nutrition since they are an alternative to animal proteins, decreasing meat consumption. 
  • 174
  • 18 Jan 2024
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