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Topic Review
Sedentary Behavior in Aging Populations
Sedentary behavior poses a significant health risk to older adults. Sedentary behavior (SB) is known to be an essential part of the daily routine of older adults, exceeding eight hours per day. The concept is defined as any waking behavior that involves minimal energy expenditure (less than 1.5 metabolic equivalents) while sitting, leaning, or lying down. Higher levels of daily SB have been associated with significant health outcomes for adults, particularly older adults.
  • 475
  • 08 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Sedentary Behavior and Physical Fitness
Sedentary behavior has been considered an independent risk factor to health. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine associations between objectively measured sedentary time and physical fitness components in healthy adults. Methods: Four electronic databases (Web of Science, Scopus, Pubmed and Sport Discus) were searched (up to 20 September 2020) to retrieve studies on healthy adults which used observational, cohort and cross-sectional designs. Studies were included if sedentary time was measured objectively and examined associations with the health- or skill-related attributes of physical fitness (e.g., muscular strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, balance). After applying additional search criteria, 21 papers (11,101 participants) were selected from an initial pool of 5192 identified papers. Results: Significant negative associations were found between total sedentary time with cardiorespiratory fitness (r = −0.164, 95%CI: −0.240, −0.086, p < 0.001), muscular strength (r = −0.147, 95%CI: −0.266, −0.024, p = 0.020) and balance (r = −0.133, 95%CI: −0.255, −0.006, p = 0.040).
  • 530
  • 29 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Security Threats for Medical Wearables
In the past few years, “smart” objects and products have given rise to significant progress in industry production and its security. Advances in digitization that have occurred in the industry, combined with internet technologies and future-oriented technologies in the field of so-called “smart” objects (machines and products), have led to a new and fundamental paradigm shift in industrial production and in their security.
  • 366
  • 14 Mar 2022
Topic Review
SCUBA Diving in Adult Congenital Heart Disease
The classification of scuba diving as a skill sport has profound implications for the evaluation of fitness-to-dive in adult patients with congenital heart disease (ACHD). The spectrum of ACHD and its associated complications range from conditions conventionally considered as incompatible with scuba diving (e.g., pulmonary hypertension, cyanosis and ventricular hypertrophy) to other conditions which may be compatible with recreational scuba diving. 
  • 665
  • 06 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Screening, Stratification and Scores
Technological innovations including risk-stratification algorithms and large databases of longitudinal population health data and genetic data are allowing us to develop a deeper understanding how individual behaviors, characteristics, and genetics are related to health risk. The clinical implementation of risk-stratified screening programmes that utilise risk scores to allocate patients into tiers of health risk is foreseeable in the future.
  • 577
  • 13 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Scientific Production on Health Literacy and Health Education
There has been an emphasis on the importance of health literacy (HL) and health education (HE) as basic tools to empower individuals and the community. The increasing interest in HL and HE has been observed through the evolution of publications and the nature of the main trends in the last few years. Knowing how HL and HE have evolved in scientific publications can help to identify trends and set  priorities in this scope.
  • 460
  • 20 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Scientific Advances in Rheumatic Fever/Rheumatic Heart Disease Control
Despite the fact that rheumatic fever (RF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) have largely been eradicated from high-income countries, the disease spectrum remains endemic in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), extacting a grim health and socioeconomic impact. Over 33 million people are believed to be living with RHD worldwide, claiming nearly a third of a million lives annually. Regrettably, the neglect of RHD as a global health priority was further exacerbated by competing infectious disease outbreaks, chief among them the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic. Nevertheless, the prior two decades have seen a slowly resurgence of interest in RF/RHD control. Substantial recent advances in the field of RF/RHD continuum control, however, have been realized over this time period. Such primary advances include a better understanding the genetic predisposition to RHD, progress in Group A Streptococcus (GAS) vaccine development, and improved diagnostic strategies for GAS pharyngitis. Echocardiographic screening for RHD, in particular, has represented a major advance which has unearthed the prevailing high burden of RHD. Lastly, the recent demonstration of benefit of secondary antibiotic prophylaxis on halting progression of latent RHD has marked a major step forward in averting progression of end-stage valvular disease in LMIC settings.
  • 491
  • 19 May 2022
Topic Review
School-Based Interventions for Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors in Children
Diet and physical activity interventions had favorable effects on a series of health outcomes, including anthropometric parameters, biomarkers, eating behavior and self-efficacy. Diet-only interventions had a positive impact specifically on eating habits, mostly on water consumption. Most successful interventions lasted for 1 school year, and they were characterized by parental involvement and teachers’ training.
  • 172
  • 27 Oct 2023
Topic Review
School-Based Intervention to Children exercise
Three key health behaviors, physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB) and sleep (SLP), have been identified by the 24-h framework as movement behaviors. School-based interventions targeting these multiple health behaviors among children have the potential to increase health outcomes. Despite this, the efficacy and sustainability of school-based movement behavior interventions among children has not been evaluated yet. To fill this gap in literature, this systematic review will aim to: 1) Summarize and classify movement behavior strategies used in literature to improve PA, SB and SLP in/from school in children; and 2) measure the effect of movement behavior strategies used in literature to improve PA, SB and SLP in children. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020199154). A systematic search will be conducted between 2010 to 2020 in five databases: Pubmed, Scopus, SPORTDiscuss, The Cochrane Library and Web of Science. Risk of bias and quality assessment will be evaluated and measured according to the recommended tools. This systematic review will provide information about which kind of school-based movement behavior interventions are effective, sustainable and the best to implement in children.
  • 628
  • 20 Nov 2020
Topic Review
School gardening activities and Obesity
School gardening activities (SGA) combined with physical activities (PA) may improve childhood dietary intake and prevent overweight and obesity. This study aims to evaluate the effect of SGA combined with PA on children’s dietary intake and anthropometric outcomes. We searched studies containing randomized controlled trials up to January 2021 in Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and the EBSCO database on this topic for children aged 7 to 12 years.
  • 401
  • 13 Aug 2021
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