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Topic Review
Nature-Based Interventions for Adults with Developmental Disabilities
Autistic adults often face higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress and reduced levels of quality of life and employment in comparison to their neurotypical peers. Nature-based interventions (NBIs), which utilize outdoor environments and activities for health and wellbeing outcomes, could provide possibilities to meet these various needs.
  • 185
  • 18 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Neurogenic Bone Loss after Spinal Cord Injury
Osteoporosis is a common skeletal disorder which can severely limit one’s ability to complete daily tasks due to the increased risk of bone fractures, reducing quality of life. Spinal cord injury (SCI) can also result in osteoporosis and sarcopenia.
  • 184
  • 28 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Hospital Processes
When thinking about a hospital, we can subdivide it into four main areas: Infrastructure, Outpatient and Emergency, Clinical and Surgical Inpatient, and Diagnosis and Treatment. For each of these areas, this entry can list several subareas and several important processes for providing hospital care.
  • 183
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
AI and Radiomics in Bladder Cancer
The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) and radiomics in oncology marks a pivotal moment in the evolution of personalized medicine, particularly in the diagnosis and treatment of urological cancers such as bladder, kidney, and prostate cancer. These cutting-edge technologies are reshaping the foundations of cancer care, heralding a paradigm shift towards precision-driven methods. The diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer have been profoundly transformed by the recent advancements in AI and radiomics.
  • 182
  • 27 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Milk-Derived Antiviral Peptides Targeting Zoonotic Viruses
Animals often serve as reservoirs for viral zoonoses, diseases transmissible from animals to humans. While zoonotic viral diseases have been present in human populations since the inception of agricultural practices, they have gained increasing prominence as a global public health concern, particularly with recent epidemics like SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Some of these diseases are categorized as “emerging infectious diseases” due to their newfound recognition or significant changes in their range and epidemiology. Notable zoonotic diseases include influenza, Ebola virus, West Nile virus, emerging coronaviruses, monkeypox, rabies, Zika, and Lyme disease. Six out of every ten infectious diseases in humans are zoonotic, with many being viral. Therefore, it is imperative to enhance our capabilities to prevent and respond to these diseases, adopting a One Health approach. Finding new therapies and ways to prevent viral zoonoses is just as important as increasing efforts on surveillance and early detection, and with the rising amount of research demonstrating the potential of bioactive peptides produced from milk as antivirals, a vital opportunity arises to assess their usage in viral diseases with a focus on One Health. Indeed, several peptides derived from milk protein parents have shown potential for zoonotic viral diseases. 
  • 182
  • 20 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Genetic Testing for Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Early-stage breast cancer refers to breast cancer at clinical stage I–stage II, accounting for 73.1% of breast cancer. For patients at an early stage, rational and effective treatment is vital to improve prognosis. An increasing number of studies have made important progress, such as the OlympiA trial of adjuvant olaparib in patients with germline pathogenic variants in BRCA1/2 and the KARISMA trial of CYP2D6 mutations in patients using tamoxifen. Regimens of adjuvant and neoadjuvant treatments used to be mainly based on the clinicopathological characteristics of patients, but deficiencies are still noticed in forecasting the efficacy and prognosis. To complement the deficiency, MGAs, including Oncotype Dx, MammaPrint, RecurIndex, BCI, EndoPredict, and PAM50, were developed.
  • 181
  • 11 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Full Value of Vaccine Assessment
A framework to guide the assessment and communication of the value of a vaccine—the Full Value of Vaccine Assessment (FVVA)—has been developed by the WHO. The FVVA framework offers a holistic assessment of the value of vaccines, providing a synthesis of evidence to inform the public health need of a vaccine, describing the supply and demand aspects, its market and its impact from a health, financial and economic perspective. 
  • 179
  • 08 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Management of Lung Toxicity with T-DXd in Canada
Ongoing advances in precision cancer therapy have increased the number of molecularly targeted and immuno-oncology agents for a variety of cancers, many of which have been associated with a risk of pulmonary complications, among the most concerning being drug-induced interstitial lung disease/pneumonitis (DI-ILD). As the number of patients undergoing treatment with novel anticancer agents continues to grow, DI-ILD is expected to become an increasingly significant clinical challenge. Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) is an antibody–drug conjugate targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 that is gaining widespread use in the metastatic breast cancer setting and is undergoing exploration for other oncologic indications. ILD/pneumonitis is an adverse event of special interest associated with T-DXd, which has potentially fatal consequences if left untreated and allowed to progress. When identified in the asymptomatic stage (grade 1), T-DXd-related ILD can be monitored and treated effectively with the possibility of treatment continuation. Delayed diagnosis and/or treatment, however, results in progression to grade 2 or higher toxicity and necessitates immediate and permanent discontinuation of this active agent. Strategies are, therefore, needed to optimize careful monitoring during treatment to ensure patient safety and optimize outcomes.
  • 178
  • 19 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Promoting Better Mental Health in People with Autism
The rising prevalence of autism internationally has been accompanied by an increased appreciation of the poorer mental health experienced by people with this condition and also of their family care-givers. In particular, higher incidences of anxiety and depression are reported in high-income nations and these conditions are likely to be under-recognised and under-reported in lower-resourced regions or countries. Mainstream mental health services seem to be ill-equipped to respond adequately to the needs of autistic persons and their care-givers.
  • 177
  • 07 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Tumor Microenvironment
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a group of molecules critical for cell development and growth regulation. Cancer creates and expands the Tumor Microenvironment, which in turn supports cancer progression.
  • 176
  • 11 Sep 2023
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