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Topic Review
Genetic Testing for Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Early-stage breast cancer refers to breast cancer at clinical stage I–stage II, accounting for 73.1% of breast cancer. For patients at an early stage, rational and effective treatment is vital to improve prognosis. An increasing number of studies have made important progress, such as the OlympiA trial of adjuvant olaparib in patients with germline pathogenic variants in BRCA1/2 and the KARISMA trial of CYP2D6 mutations in patients using tamoxifen. Regimens of adjuvant and neoadjuvant treatments used to be mainly based on the clinicopathological characteristics of patients, but deficiencies are still noticed in forecasting the efficacy and prognosis. To complement the deficiency, MGAs, including Oncotype Dx, MammaPrint, RecurIndex, BCI, EndoPredict, and PAM50, were developed.
  • 144
  • 11 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Methods for Solving Eye-Tracking Problems
Nowadays, the eye-tracking problem has been tackled in multiple ways that refer to two main approaches: model-based or appearance-based. In the model-based approaches, a geometrical model representing the anatomical structure of the eyeball is commonly used. Among those, there are two subcategories of model-based techniques: corneal-reflection-based methods and shape-based methods.
  • 173
  • 08 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Role of ChatGPT in Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease incidence has risen mainly due to poor control of preventable risk factors and still constitutes a significant financial and health burden worldwide. ChatGPT is an artificial intelligence language-based model developed by OpenAI. Due to the model’s unique cognitive capabilities beyond data processing and the production of high-quality text, there has been a surge of research interest concerning its role in the scientific community and contemporary clinical practice. 
  • 241
  • 08 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Home-Based Intelligent Exercise System for Seniors’ Healthcare
From the perspectives of science and technology, the maturity of IoT technology, and the rapid development of AI, the use of AIoT emerging technology combines AI and IoT to improve the quality of life of seniors and has attracted greater attention. IoT means that electronic devices can be connected to the Internet through network infrastructure. The device has a variety of sensors, which can collect and integrate information anytime and anywhere to assist people’s lives
  • 138
  • 08 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Diagnostic Tests for SARS-CoV-2 in South African Population
The unprecedented spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) resulted in the urgent need for rapid and reliable diagnostic tests. Accurately diagnosing individuals with infection was paramount to limit the transmission of the virus and to reduce morbidity and mortality.
  • 92
  • 08 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Monosodium Crystals in Vessels of Patients with Gout
Cardiovascular disease in gout is a central issue, but the underlying mechanisms linking the two are unclear. The existence of monosodium (MSU) crystal deposition directly inflaming vessel walls has been recurrently suggested and challenged since the 1950s and is again a matter of active debate since recent studies using dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) suggested a higher prevalence of plaques considered to be containing MSU crystals in patients with gout.
  • 182
  • 07 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Continuing Professional Training or Development in Maintaining Employment
Employee exit from the labor market is influenced by various factors, such as personal, work, and organizational factors. Age is a key factor that affects the risk of disability retirement, which is higher among older workers, and the intention to quit the current job, which is lower among older workers. Education level also plays a role, as workers with lower education are more likely to leave the labor force due to disability, unemployment, or early retirement.
  • 225
  • 07 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Multi-Task Mode on Cognition and Lower Limb Function
The application of multi-tasking (MT), especially dual-tasking (DT), in frail older adults is currently gaining attention. DT can be used as a test to assess cognitive and lower limb function in the frail population and that an MT (DT) training program with an intervention period of ≥3 months or a duration of ≥60 min per session could improve cognitive and lower limb function in the frail population, thereby reducing the risk of falls.
  • 124
  • 07 Dec 2023
Topic Review
NETosis in Disease Condition
Ischemic thrombotic disease, characterized by the formation of obstructive blood clots within arteries or veins, is a condition associated with life-threatening events, such as stroke, myocardial infarction, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. The conventional therapeutic strategy relies on treatments with anticoagulants that unfortunately pose an inherent risk of bleeding complications. These anticoagulants primarily target clotting factors, often overlooking upstream events, including the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Neutrophils are integral components of the innate immune system, traditionally known for their role in combating pathogens through NET formation. Emerging evidence has now revealed that NETs contribute to a prothrombotic milieu by promoting platelet activation, increasing thrombin generation, and providing a scaffold for clot formation.
  • 205
  • 07 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Vaccinium uliginosum and Vaccinium myrtillus
Vaccinium uliginosum L. (commonly known as bog bilberry) and Vaccinium myrtillus L. (commonly known as bilberry) are species of the genus Vaccinium (family Ericaceae). The red–purple–blue coloration of blueberries is attributed largely to the anthocyanins found in bilberries. Anthocyanins, known for their potent biological activity as antioxidants, have a significant involvement in the prophylaxis of cancer or other diseases, including those of metabolic origin.
  • 477
  • 06 Dec 2023
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