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Topic Review
Trans-Spinal Electrical Stimulation Therapy for Rehabilitation after SCI
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the most debilitating injuries in the world. Complications after SCI, such as respiratory issues, bowel/bladder incontinency, pressure ulcers, autonomic dysreflexia, spasticity, pain, etc., lead to immense suffering, a remarkable reduction in life expectancy, and even premature death. Traditional rehabilitations for people with SCI are often insignificant or ineffective due to the severity and complexity of the injury. Two most promising noninvasive spinal cord electrical stimulation methods of SCI rehabilitation treatment, namely, trans-spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS) and trans-spinal pulsed current stimulation (tsPCS).
  • 564
  • 23 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Training provided to Paramedics in Low-Acuity Clinical Conditions
Ambulance services around the world are increasingly attending to calls for non-emergency conditions. These lower-acuity conditions do not always require patients to be transported to the emergency department. Consequently, over the past two decades, ambulance services have implemented strategies to support paramedics in diverting non-urgent patients to alternative care pathways. However, assessing and managing low-acuity conditions can be challenging for paramedics, especially when education and training has traditionally focused on emergency care.
  • 161
  • 22 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Training on Cardiopulmonary Fitness
Heart failure (HF) is a common disease with an increasing prevalence worldwide and it is characterized by a low five-year survival of 35–55%, which affects cardiac function, exercise tolerance, and the daily life of patients. Cardiac rehabilitation is defined as a set of activities that aims to provide patients with heart disease with the best physical, mental, and social conditions, therefore, reducing the risk of death and acute events related to their illness. Previous studies have demonstrated that cardiac rehabilitation with physical exercise was beneficial to physical fitness, cardiac function, and quality of life in HF patients.
  • 529
  • 23 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Training for Food Handlers in Italian Regions
Food safety has always been a public health challenge. Globally, food safety control is supported by laws and preventive measures, such as inspections conducted from primary production to market, “from farm to fork” as emphasized by the European Union and training of Food Handlers (FHs). This latter preventive measure plays a very important role, and for this reason a review of training courses regulations provided in the different Italian regions was conducted. 
  • 254
  • 14 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Traditional Meat Products
Traditional meat products are commonly produced in small family businesses. However, big industries are also involved in the production of this kind of product, especially since a growing number of consumers crave the traditional taste and aromas. The popularization of original and organic products has resulted in a return to traditional production methods. Traditional meat products are produced worldwide. However, in such (domesticated) conditions there is a potential danger for mycotoxin contamination. 
  • 236
  • 23 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Traditional Chinese Exercises and Elderly
As the General Administration of Sport of China recommends, more and more people are choosing traditional Chinese exercies to exercise at home. This entry has been written based on the hypothesis that TECs have a positive effect on the blood lipid parameters of middle-aged and older people. This systematic review included 42 RCTs, with 6 TCEs with 2977 subjects aged 55 to 60 years, providing high-quality evidence of the effect of six kinds of TCE on blood lipids.
  • 560
  • 04 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Toxicology and Gut Microbiota
In recent years, new targets have been included between the health outcomes induced by pesticide exposure. The gastrointestinal tract is a key physical and biological barrier and it represents a primary site of exposure to toxic agents. Recently, the intestinal microbiota has emerged as a notable factor regulating pesticides’ toxicity. However, the specific mechanisms related to this interaction are not well known.
  • 617
  • 09 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Toxic Effects of Poly-Fluoroalkyl Substances in Organisms
More than 7000 synthetic compounds known as per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are applied to food packaging and other materials to provide fat, fire, and/or water resistance properties. These compounds have exceptional environmental stability and persistence due to the strong C-F chemical bond, earning them the moniker “forever chemicals”. Emission of PFAS from industrial waste leads to water, air, and soil contamination. Due to this ubiquitous nature, combined with the fact that PFAS in humans are known to have carcinogenic and reprotoxic effects and to cause vaccine resistance and depression of the immunity system, PFAS may constitute a major threat to human health. For this reason, the attention of the scientific community and of control bodies is increasing and as a consequence legislation and the scientific literature on PFAS are constantly evolving.
  • 363
  • 19 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Tourism, Ethnicity, and Gender in Yunnan
If a tourist looks for destinations with colourful and exotic lifestyles in China, then Yunnan would certainly be one of the more popular choices due to its high proportion of ethnic populations. Gender gaps appear to be reduced, with ethnic woman often conducting better business than their male counterparts. Additionally, ethnic women have the opportunity to explore the potentials of their own capacity. They come into contact with the outside world and gain better social capital, along with expanding choices, and social recognition.
  • 311
  • 28 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Total Skin Treated by Helical Tomotherapy
Helical tomotherapy (HT) is a rotational intensity-modulated radiotherapy with a unique gantry mechanical design that can deliver highly conformal dose distributions to provide an alternative approach for total body irradiation or total marrow irradiation. 
  • 448
  • 10 Mar 2023
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