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Topic Review
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Post-Stroke Dysphagia
Dysphagia is one of the most common symptoms in patients after stroke onset, which has multiple unfavorable effects on quality of life and functional recovery. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation that is widely used to improve deglutition function. Recently, some studies have confirmed that tDCS enhances deglutition function after stroke.
  • 438
  • 10 May 2022
Topic Review
The Association between Physical Environment and Externalising Problems
The physical environment is of critical importance to child development. Understanding how exposure to physical environmental domains such as greenspace, urbanicity, air pollution or noise affects aggressive behaviours in typical and neurodiverse children is of particular importance given the significant long-term impact of those problems.Noise, air pollution, urbanicity, spatial density, colour and humidity appeared to increase the display of aggressive behaviours. There was a dearth of studies on the role of the physical environment in neurodiverse children. Studies were heterogeneous and measured a range of aggressive behaviours from symptoms to full syndromes. Greenspace exposure was the most common domain studied but certainty of evidence for the association between environmental exposures and aggression problems in the child or young person was low across all domains. 
  • 437
  • 15 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Monitoring healthcare professionals with SUD
In the past decades, monitoring programs have been developed for healthcare professionals with substance use disorders. We aimed to explore estimates of abstinence and work retention rates after participation in such monitoring programs. 
  • 437
  • 31 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Readability of Cervical Cancer Information
It is important to provide information on HPV vaccination and on early detection and early treatment for cervical cancer. Readability is a key aspect in the success of cervical cancer communication using written health information. 
  • 437
  • 28 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Risk of Arsenic in Portuguese Rice
Arsenic is a metalloid with natural and anthropogenic sources and its inorganic form is toxic to humans. Rice is highly consumed worldwide and is prone to arsenic contamination.
  • 437
  • 25 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Infections of the Orofacial Region
The natural flora of the mouth is very diverse. After the large intestine, it has the second highest complexity in terms of microorganisms, including more than 700 microorganisms. Each tissue has specific microbes that are different from adjacent tissues’ microbes. Still, these microbes can be displaced under certain conditions, such as the effects of cytotoxic drugs, oral cancer, or epithelial atrophy. The oral flora is divided into two categories, static and transient, which regularly balance with the host and protect against pathogenic microorganisms. The static flora on oral cavity surfaces is known as biofilm that can improve or protect oral health against pathogens, increase the virulence of potentially harmful microorganisms, and reduce the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents. Infections caused by bacteria in the mouth include caries and periodontitis. Microorganisms can attack different parts of the mouth via different mechanisms.
  • 437
  • 07 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Health Implications of Oxalates
Oxalate is an antinutrient present in a wide range of foods, with plant products, especially green leafy vegetables, being the main sources of dietary oxalates. This compound has been largely associated with hyperoxaluria, kidney stone formation, and, in more severe cases, systematic oxalosis. Due to its impact on human health, it is extremely important to control the amount of oxalate present in foods, particularly for patients with kidney stone issues.
  • 437
  • 31 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Marine Cyanobacterial Peptides in Neuroblastoma
Neuroblastoma is the most prevalent extracranial solid tumor in pediatric patients, originating from sympathetic nervous system cells. Metastasis can be observed in approximately 70% of individuals after diagnosis, and the prognosis is poor. The current care methods used, which include surgical removal as well as radio and chemotherapy, are largely unsuccessful, with high mortality and relapse rates. Marine cyanobacteria are a key source of physiologically active metabolites, which have recently received attention owing to their anticancer potential. Marine peptides possess several advantages over proteins or antibodies, including small size, simple manufacturing, cell membrane crossing capabilities, minimal drug–drug interactions, minimal changes in blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity, selective targeting, chemical and biological diversities, and effects on liver and kidney functions.
  • 436
  • 05 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Cardiometabolic-Based Chronic Disease in Czechia
Unlike the traditional adiposity and dysglycemia classifiers, which do not capture the complexity of cardiometabolic pathophysiology, the Cardiometabolic-Based Chronic Disease (CMBCD) model was proposed to incorporate the natural history of the cardiometabolic disease in four stages: 1—risk; 2—pre-disease; 3—diseases; and 4—complications. The CMBCD model combines the dysglycemia and abnormal adiposity drivers into the chronic care model as DBCD  and ABCD, with the presence of earlier primary drivers (genetics, environment, and behavior) and later metabolic drivers (hypertension and dyslipidemia) impacting the eventual cardiovascular disease phenotype. The CMBCD model triggers proactive detection and stratification of subjects at risk using a culturally adapted approach to improve successful implementation and precision. 
  • 436
  • 23 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Plant-Derived Substances for Oral Health Care Products
Plant extracts are the current trend in the market, but it is also essential to consider their antibacterial, antioxidant, and sensory characteristics. Plant essential oils are constituted by secondary metabolites, such as terpenes, phenols, and aldehydes with antibacterial, antioxidant, and flavoring properties. Other industries take advantage of the essential oil properties; some examples of their applications are found in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.
  • 436
  • 29 Mar 2022
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