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Topic Review
Mycotoxin Exposure and Children’s Health
The first 1000 days of life are very sensitive to any event that alters health programming, and they represent a window for intervention to improve population health. Pregnant women, fetuses, and infants are particularly vulnerable to exposure to food contaminated with mycotoxins. 
  • 605
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Nutrition in Chronic Pain Management
A poor nutritional status such as malnutrition, unhealthy dietary behaviors, and a suboptimal dietary intake can play a significant role in the occurrence, development, and prognosis of chronic pain. The relationship between nutrition and chronic pain is complex and may involve many underlying mechanisms such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and glucose metabolism. As such, pain management requires a comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach that includes nutrition. Nutrition is the top modifiable lifestyle factor for chronic non-communicable diseases including chronic pain.
  • 588
  • 26 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Long Non-Coding RNAs in Heart Failure
Heart failure (HF) is a widespread cardiovascular condition that poses significant risks to a wide spectrum of age groups and leads to terminal illness. Although our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of HF has improved, the available treatments still remain inadequate. Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as crucial players in cardiac function, showing possibilities as potential targets for HF therapy. These versatile molecules interact with chromatin, proteins, RNA, and DNA, influencing gene regulation.
  • 583
  • 27 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Senescence in Physiological Processes and Age-Related Diseases
Cellular senescence is a physiological mechanism that has both beneficial and detrimental consequences. Senescence limits tumorigenesis, lifelong tissue damage, and is involved in different biological processes, such as morphogenesis, regeneration, and wound healing. 
  • 574
  • 28 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Renin-Angiotensin System and COVID-19
The renin–angiotensin system (RAS), an essential enzymatic cascade involved in maintaining blood pressure and electrolyte balance, is involved in the pathogenicity of COVID-19, since the angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) acts as the cellular receptor for SARS-CoV-2 in many human tissues and organs. In fact, the viral entrance promotes a downregulation of ACE2 followed by RAS balance dysregulation and an overactivation of the angiotensin II (Ang II)–angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R) axis, which is characterized by a strong vasoconstriction and the induction of the profibrotic, proapoptotic and proinflammatory signalizations in the lungs and other organs. This mechanism features a massive cytokine storm, hypercoagulation, an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and subsequent multiple organ damage.
  • 569
  • 25 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Breast Cancer Detection
Breast cancer is one the main death causes for women worldwide, as 16% of the diagnosed malignant lesions worldwide are its consequence. In this sense, it is of paramount importance to diagnose these lesions in the earliest stage possible, in order to have the highest chances of survival. While there are several works that present selected topics in this area, none of them present a complete panorama, that is, from the image generation to its interpretation.
  • 563
  • 27 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Weight Loss
Overweight and obesity are related pathological conditions with a significant impact at the cardiovascular, metabolic, musculoskeletal, and oncological levels, representing a significant global public health problem. The traditionally proposed therapeutic approaches act at the nutritional, psychological, lifestyle (abolishing sedentary lifestyle and promoting physical exercise), and pharmacological levels, in combination with the consumption of food supplements.
  • 550
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
The Effects of Incubators on the Preterm Infant
Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) for very preterm infant do not provide the same living and development conditions as the intrauterine environment. Fetal sensory experience prepares the organism to interact with the sensory environment after birth. Early mature vestibular and tactile receptors are understimulated during an incubator stay, with isolation and reduced wear time outside of skin-to-skin. The incubator stay combines sensory deprivation, over-stimulation, and/or harmful, uncomfortable, or inappropriate stimulation with direct consequences on the brain maturation of the preterm newborn. 
  • 543
  • 05 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Sleep Duration and Waking Activities
Optimal sleep duration is crucial as both short and long sleep duration are associated with physical and mental health problems. For example, sleep duration that is considered to be too short has been linked with an increased risk of obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and type II diabetes, whereas sleep duration that is too long has been associated with an increased risk of poor health-related quality of life, multiple sclerosis, cardiovascular disease, and stroke.
  • 536
  • 24 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Omega-3 PUFA in Pediatric Cancer
Epidemiological literature suggests a protective effect of omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) against cancer. They are attributed to have significant anti-inflammatory properties, and are reported to directly inhibit carcinogenesis and tumor expansion, whilst also reducing the risk for secondary complications, thus representing a promising approach for adjunctive chemotherapy treatment. At the same time, the incidence of malnutrition amongst children with cancer is high and both under- and overnutrition are associated with detrimental consequences, including increased risks for morbidity and mortality, early relapse rates, and a higher prevalence of secondary complications during treatment. Taken together with the benefits of n-3 PUFA supplementation, an enhancement of the nutritional status is a potentially modifiable prognostic factor in pediatric oncology.
  • 523
  • 08 Jun 2021
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