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Topic Review
Association between Smoking and Obstructive Sleep Apnea
The connection between smoking and Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is not yet clear. There are studies that have confirmed the effect of smoking on sleep disordered breathing, whereas others did not. Nicotine affects sleep, as smokers have prolonged total sleep and REM latency, reduced sleep efficiency, total sleep time, and slow wave sleep. Smoking cessation has been related with impaired sleep. 
  • 520
  • 14 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Apps for Coronary Heart Disease
Mobile health applications (MHA) are discussed to contribute in overcoming this gap in treatment by fostering CHD management. First, MHA may support daily monitoring of activities and symptoms. Second, adherence to treatment and lifestyle changes can be increased by self-tracking, feedback, and reminder functions of MHA.
  • 518
  • 28 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Types of COVID-19 Vaccines
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly contagious virus that emerged at the end of 2019 and has caused an upper respiratory disease pandemic, currently known as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Vaccine clinical studies are developing promptly with the aim of obtaining vaccines that are effective in suppressing the spread of the virus; however, the development of viral mutations raises concerns about the decreasing effectiveness of the resulting vaccine, which also results in the need for more in-depth studies. There have been 330 vaccines developed, including 136 clinical developments and 194 pre-clinical developments. 
  • 506
  • 12 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Religious Backgrounds and Legalisation of Suicide
Religion and laws, although the two have been linked for a long time and in some countries still are, also influence suicide-related views in the population.
  • 503
  • 23 Nov 2022
Topic Review
T Cells in Metabolic Diseases
Metabolic disease is a kind of multi-system abnormal disease which is manifested by diseases or disorders that disrupt normal metabolism, including hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, and insulin resistance, and leads to a dramatic increase in the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases such as acute myocardial infarction and stroke. T cells are involved in the inflammatory response, which can also regulate the development of metabolic diseases, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells are mainly responsible for the role.
  • 497
  • 22 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Protective Effect of Melatonin Administration against SARS-CoV-2 Infection
COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, responsible for an increasing number of cases and deaths. Melatonin has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and Mpro and MMP9 protein-inhibitory activity. Melatonin prevents SARS-CoV-2 infection, although much remains to be clarified, at high doses, it seems to have a coadjuvant therapeutic effect in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection and melatonin is effective against SARS-CoV-2 infection. 
  • 496
  • 20 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Adequate Chronic Pain Care in Italy
Appropriate pain care should be regarded as a right and effectively guaranteed to people with chronic pain (CP). Additionally, the World Health Organization (WHO) has recognized the importance of addressing CP as a global public health concern and has recommended that pain management be integrated into primary healthcare systems. Many individuals with CP continue to experience barriers to accessing appropriate and effective pain care, including a lack of education and training among healthcare providers, limited availability of specialized pain clinics, and misconceptions about the use of opioid medications for pain management. Furthermore, CP patients often encounter social stigmatization and discrimination, which can further complicate their access to care. There is a need for ongoing efforts to improve the recognition, assessment, and management of chronic pain, and to ensure that individuals with CP have access to appropriate and effective pain care that addresses their physical, psychological, and social needs. Law 38, enacted in Italy in 2010, establishes the citizen’s right not to suffer.
  • 491
  • 12 Jan 2023
Topic Review
African Union Strategy on COVID-19 Vaccine
The African Union (AU) vaccination strategy seems to be very optimistic, with major challenges that might hinder the achievement of the main goal of vaccinating 60% of the population, even by 2023. Major health system reforms, as well as better resource allocation, will be crucial for countries to achieve better results.
  • 490
  • 24 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Marketing Unhealthy Foods to Children
HFSS food marketing featuring celebrities or influencers increases children’s food consumption, although this was from a limited number of studies. These findings suggest that limiting exposure of children to HFSS marketing including all celebrity types may have beneficial impacts upon dietary consumption. Further research on the impact of child characteristics such as SES, long-term impacts, and real-world studies would be beneficial to further inform the thinking of policy makers.
  • 482
  • 08 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Telemedicine Applications in the Era of COVID-19
Telemedicine allows for the effective delivery of health care to patients at a distance through the application of information technology to the field of medicine. This is optimal during the COVID-19 pandemic to reduce interpersonal contact to mitigate contagion. 
  • 475
  • 14 Feb 2022
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