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Topic Review
Carbon Emissions and Firm Performance
: This paper examines the effects of carbon emissions on the accounting and market-based performance of financial and non-financial firms in emerging economies. Data for 104 financial and 328 non-financial firms constituting 2591 observations operating in 22 emerging economies were collected from the Datastream database for the period 2011–2020. We applied OLS and 2SLS regression techniques to analyze the data. The results show that financial firms emit less carbon than their non-financial counterparts. The results further show that carbon emissions reduce firms’ return on equity, Tobin’s Q, Z-score, and credit rating. Our findings remain robust in different estimation techniques and alternative proxies of performance. Our results have some important policy implications for emerging economies.
  • 697
  • 17 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Carbon Emissions and Agency Costs in Firm Performance
Carbon emissions and agency costs can have an impact on firms’ financial performance. Firms with higher carbon emissions experience lower performance as the market reacts negatively. Further, firms with both higher carbon emissions and higher agency costs have lower performance. 
  • 469
  • 05 Jul 2022
Topic Review
CAPM and Fama and French Three-Five Factor Models
Entitled the Fama and French three-factor (hereafter, FF3F) model (1993), it embraces others risk factors in addition to the CAPM beta, such as the mimicking returns for the size factor and the mimicking returns for the book-to-market factor.
  • 251
  • 02 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Capital Structure
Capital structure is a firm’s mix of debt and equity financing. It is one of the most controversial areas of finance. Many of the results obtained in capital structure theory over the last 50-60 years have been very influential and led their authors to great international recognition. Among the researchers who contributed significantly to capital structure theory, note Nobel Prize Award winners Franco Modigliani, Merton Miller, Joseph Stiglitz, and most recently Jean Tirole. More research and more results are expected in this area in near future.
  • 2.4K
  • 09 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Business Strategy and Climate Change Disclosure
Climate change disclosure (CCD) in accounting literature refers to the practice of providing detailed and transparent information in a company’s financial reports, statements, and official documents about the current, actual, and potential financial impacts of climate change on the company. This disclosure is essential for all categories of stakeholders, including regulators, investors, and the public, to build an overall view and understand how a company is dealing with and managing the opportunities and risks related to climate change.
  • 300
  • 10 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Business Strategies and Innovation Outputs in Manufacturing
An important factor in maintaining a competitive advantage and efficiency in a knowledge-based economy is the ability to introduce innovations constantly. Considering the idea of sustainable development which has been discussed globally, nowadays innovations must have at least a neutral impact on the environment and society. The ability to create innovation is in turn determined by the business strategy adopted by an enterprise. Such a strategy, involving long-term planning and actions aimed at development, is primarily oriented towards the introduction of innovations that enable the dynamic development of a company. The innovative process in enterprises is characterized by specific features. Regardless of the adopted innovation implementation model, it is required to acquire skills and establish relationships with the environment. An innovative enterprise as a learning organization.
  • 350
  • 02 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Business Model of Sustainable Robo-Advisors
The given research paper examines the characteristics of German private investors regarding the probability of using robo-advisory-services. The used data set was gathered for this purpose (N = 305) to address the research question by using a logistic regression approach. The presented logit regression model results indicate that the awareness of sustainable aspects make a significant difference in the probability of using a sustainable robo-service. Additionally, our findings show that being male and cost-aware are positively associated with the use of a sustainable robo-advisor. Furthermore, the probability of use is 1.53 times higher among young and experienced investors. The findings in this paper provide relevant research findings for banks, asset managers, FinTechs, policy makers and financial practitioners to increase the adoption rate of robo-advice by introducing a sustainable offering.
  • 590
  • 29 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Blockchain Technology for Green Innovation
Blockchain technology has been heralded as a game changer for addressing severe environmental and economic sustainability challenges. In response to rising environmental concerns, blockchain technology (BCT) is transforming green innovation, culminating in green economic practices and well-established business models.
  • 1.4K
  • 18 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Blockchain Technology and Tokenization
Blockchain is an open-source technology that excludes the traditional third parties by relying on collective verification, thus offering a great alternative in terms of costs, traceability, security, and speed. When two financial entities such as banks receive a request to transfer money from one account to another, they have to update the balances of their respective customers. This costly and time-consuming coordination and synchronization exercise can be simplified on a blockchain by using a single ledger of transactions reflecting a single version of records instead of two different databases. Blockchain technology offers a myriad of value through a frictionless process of immutable and transparent records and through converting assets into digital tokens (i.e., tokenization) with smart contracts. 
  • 1.8K
  • 01 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Blended Finance and Partial Risk Guarantee
A partial risk guarantee (PRG) is one of the critical instruments in the blended finance approach that provides assurance to the risk investor to lend leveraged capital to the borrower. Under the PRG scheme, philanthropic capital is employed as a risk guarantee to create financial and economic additionality through the multiplier effect.
  • 359
  • 21 Aug 2023
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