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Topic Review
Targeted Reserve Requirement Ratio Reduction
In China’s bank-centered financial and economic environment, bank risk attitudes have an important impact on the effective implementation of structural monetary policy, and monetary policy can have an impact on the corporate ecosystem through risk taking by banks. To make an economic assessment of the evolution of the banking ecosystem and empirically explore the correlation between targeted Reserve Requirement Ratio (RRR) cuts and banks’ risk-taking levels in the context of financial supply-side structural reforms, multiple regression analysis and a fixed-effects model are used to analyze the causal impact of targeted RRR reduction on the risk taking of Chinese commercial banks.
  • 347
  • 30 May 2022
Topic Review
Electricity Usage Settlement System Based on Cryptocurrency Instrument
The development of digital techniques, including blockchain-based mechanisms, has meant that an increased interest in blockchain-based solutions is to be expected. Blockchain and similar approaches are characterised by decentralisation, so they are concurrent with the trends of the transforming power sector. Decentralised energy generation based on a high proportion of prosumer installations requires the implementation of a new settlement system for grid activities related to electricity use. The first projects of such systems based on a dedicated cryptocurrency have emerged. Based on these, the general concept of such a system with its own cryptocurrency called CCE is presented, including variants implementing net-metering and net-billing.
  • 339
  • 09 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Innovation on Economic Growth, FDI, and Self-Employment
Innovation positively influences GDP, domestic institutional framework, local infrastructure, local knowledge and technology, and creative outputs. In contrast, innovation negatively correlates with domestic self-employment, often associated with necessity-driven entrepreneurship. Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita measures a country’s economic output, self-employment assesses entrepreneurial activity, and foreign direct investment (FDI) indicates confidence in a country’s economic prospects and innovation trends. 
  • 337
  • 12 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Effects from ESG Scores on P&C Insurance Companies
Insurers act as institutional investors and underwriters of risk. Therefore, improving their environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance is important for the transmission of ESG values to all economic sectors.
  • 334
  • 01 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Determinants of Cash Distribution Options
The purpose of this text was to examine the determinants of cash distribution options by critically considering the effects of earnings, dividends, firm size, and economic value added. The distribution of cash dividends to shareholders serves as a basic means by which shareholders receive returns on their investments, so it is essential to examine share repurchases alongside dividends to enhance management’s efforts in maximising shareholder value. 
  • 331
  • 06 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Supply-Chain Optimization
Supply-chain optimization is the application of processes and tools to ensure the optimal operation of a manufacturing and distribution supply chain. This includes the optimal placement of inventory within the supply chain, minimizing operating costs (including manufacturing costs, transportation costs, and distribution costs). This often involves the application of mathematical modelling techniques using computer software.
  • 330
  • 23 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Natural Rate of Interest
The natural rate of interest, sometimes called the neutral rate of interest, is the interest rate that supports the economy at full employment/maximum output while keeping inflation constant. It cannot be observed directly. Rather, policy makers and economic researchers aim to estimate the natural rate of interest as a guide to monetary policy, usually using various economic models to help them do so.
  • 328
  • 20 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Blended Finance and Partial Risk Guarantee
A partial risk guarantee (PRG) is one of the critical instruments in the blended finance approach that provides assurance to the risk investor to lend leveraged capital to the borrower. Under the PRG scheme, philanthropic capital is employed as a risk guarantee to create financial and economic additionality through the multiplier effect.
  • 326
  • 21 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Business Strategies and Innovation Outputs in Manufacturing
An important factor in maintaining a competitive advantage and efficiency in a knowledge-based economy is the ability to introduce innovations constantly. Considering the idea of sustainable development which has been discussed globally, nowadays innovations must have at least a neutral impact on the environment and society. The ability to create innovation is in turn determined by the business strategy adopted by an enterprise. Such a strategy, involving long-term planning and actions aimed at development, is primarily oriented towards the introduction of innovations that enable the dynamic development of a company. The innovative process in enterprises is characterized by specific features. Regardless of the adopted innovation implementation model, it is required to acquire skills and establish relationships with the environment. An innovative enterprise as a learning organization.
  • 325
  • 02 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Women’s Leadership on Carbon Disclosure
The energy sector is one of the primary sources of carbon emissions and the most significant global polluter. Women’s concerns and the climate crisis were strongly associated when issues about climate change were first articulated in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals stressing gender equality and climate mitigation actions have received very little attention in the last decade.
  • 325
  • 12 Jun 2023
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