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Topic Review
Fixed Book Price Agreement
A fixed book price agreement (FBPA) is a form of resale price maintenance applied to books. It commonly takes the form of an agreement between publishers and booksellers which set the prices at which books were to be sold to the public. An example of an FBPA was the former Net Book Agreement in the United Kingdom . The key idea of an FBPA is to promote non-price competition between booksellers in order to promote the sale of little-known, difficult or otherwise culturally interesting books rather than catering only to blockbuster readers. To do so, an FBPA is deemed to ensure that the booksellers that provide the corresponding presale services are able to recoup their higher costs with a guaranteed margin on blockbusters. A related case is the existence of a fixed book price law (FBPL), where the book prices are kept fixed by law. An example of an FBPL is the current Lang Law in France . An FBPA/FBPL, with various provisos, has existed in some developed countries since the beginning of the twentieth century. It remains in force in roughly half the countries of the European Union as well as in some other countries.
  • 720
  • 30 Nov 2022
Biography
Frank Li
Professor Li received his PhD degree in Finance from W.P. Carey School of Business, Arizona State University, and two masters degrees (MBA: international business/MIS; MS: Computer Science) from University of Missouri at Kansas City. His work experience includes various analyst and management positions in an international bank, a personal credit company, a small pharmaceutical consulting firm,
  • 701
  • 23 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Fund Manager Skill and Mutual Fund Performance
A mutual fund is a common instrument for households and corporations to invest in the financial markets through diversified portfolios of securities. Investing in managed mutual funds involves relying on a fund manager’s knowledge, expertise, and investment strategy to beat the fund’s benchmark. 
  • 575
  • 17 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Gamma Squeeze
In the stock market, a gamma squeeze occurs when the underlying price of a stock increases within a very short timeframe. A higher amount of money moving into call options results in greater buying activity and can push the stock price up as a result.
  • 1.1K
  • 07 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Geopolitical Risk
Geopolitical risk (GPR) is defined as the risk associated with terror threats, war threats, nuclear threats and military build-ups between states or countries that disrupt the usual, peaceful conduct of international affairs.
  • 2.3K
  • 23 May 2022
Topic Review
Granger Causality
Identifying causal network problems is important for effective policy and management, and recommendations on climate, epidemiology, and financial regulations. Identifying causality in complex systems can be difficult. Granger causality is an approach that uses predictability as opposed to correlation to identify causation between time series variables. Variable X is said to “Granger cause” Y if the predictability of Y declines when X is removed from the universe of all possible causative variables. The key requirement of Granger causality is separability, namely that information about a causative factor is independently unique to that variable and can be removed by eliminating that variable from the model.
  • 240
  • 17 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Green Finance
The concept of green finance, also known as green investments, is widely employed in academia and business, and have a variety of meanings. Green finance (GF) is a developing concept that lacks a clear and universal definition. However, the goal of GF is to balance the advancement of monetary events, environmental stability, and ecological protection to accomplish long-term development. 
  • 1.4K
  • 09 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Green Finance & Green Monetary Policy: Different Approaches
Strictly speaking, green finance is part of the broader concept of sustainable finance, a term that explicitly includes social issues, while climate finance is a narrower element of green finance. However, in practice, the distinction between sustainable and green finance and sustainable and green monetary policy is often not made but the terms are used synonymously. Hence, we follow this tradition and use the term green finance and green monetary policy to refer to both. Green finance and green monetary monetary policy are related to each other and can be classified on a common ground. In general, neoliberal, reformist and progressive forms of green finance and green monetary policy can be distinguished. 
  • 829
  • 25 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Green Finance of Chinese Commercial Banks
Green finance is a sustainable force in promoting green development. China’s social financing structure determines the key role that green credit plays in sustainable development. Under the dual pressure of future economic downturn and huge capital gaps, it is worth exploring whether to continue promoting green credit that conforms to the long-term market mechanism.
  • 535
  • 11 May 2022
Topic Review
Heterogeneity of Corporate Financialization and Total Factor Productivity
The most important stylized fact about the Chinese economy is the tendency toward financialization, which is referred to as a key feature of capital extension following the reversal of the real economy. Corporate financialization can be defined as a firm making substantial investments in financial assets. Some empirical research provides evidence that corporate financialization can stimulate the short-term performance of firms and reach higher production efficiency yields, while over-financialization may hinder economic growth by extracting additional profits from the economy into the financial sector, thereby reducing production efficiency. The capital misallocation causes poor allocation of resources, leading to a negative effect on aggregate total factor productivity (TFP).
  • 537
  • 13 Jun 2022
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