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Topic Review
Bitcoin in Conventional Markets
Blockchain technology is being closely studied from a technical point of view and links to the Internet of Things (IoT) as well as its impact on financial investment. A secure blockchain is a distributed network in which information is stored as a chain-connected block. This innovative technology is based on cryptography and decentralization principles, ensuring high data security and integrity. Using cryptographic algorithms, the blockchain can help or face challenges in ensuring privacy and protection against fraud and manipulation. The combination of cryptographic algorithms and consensus mechanisms enables a variety of uses for blockchain technology, such as the development of applications with enhanced security, blockchain distribution networks, intelligent grids or digital financial systems. One of the most evocative immersions of blockchain technology into conventional markets is the innovative use of blockchain to create crypto-assets and the expansive attraction of investors to adopt blockchain currencies for investment portfolio diversification.
  • 256
  • 16 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Political Connection and Environmental Protection Investment
In state-owned enterprises, the existence and the increasing proportion of politically connected directors on the board have increased corporate environmental protection investment. In non-state-owned enterprises, the existence and the increasing proportion of politically connected directors on the board lead to lower corporate environmental protection investment levels.
  • 253
  • 27 Nov 2023
Topic Review
CAPM and Fama and French Three-Five Factor Models
Entitled the Fama and French three-factor (hereafter, FF3F) model (1993), it embraces others risk factors in addition to the CAPM beta, such as the mimicking returns for the size factor and the mimicking returns for the book-to-market factor.
  • 251
  • 02 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Coupling Coordination of Digital Finance and Technological Innovation
Technological innovation is the first driving force behind development and the key to achieving high-quality economic development. Innovation activities require financial support, but traditional financial systems constrain the development of innovation. Digital finance can alleviate the financial challenges faced by technological innovation. Studying the coordinated relationship between digital finance and technological innovation can deeply explore the driving role of digital finance in technological innovation, as well as the support of technological innovation in the field of digital finance.
  • 250
  • 31 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Behavioral Biases and Investment Decisions of SMEs Managers
Optimistic managers tend to make investment decisions more frequently, while those who are more risk-averse adopt a more cautious approach. Mimicry was also identified as an influential factor in investment decisions, with executives likely to be influenced by the choices of their peers. Furthermore, intuition bias was also identified as a positive factor in the investment decision-making process, enabling managers to capitalize on their experience and tacit knowledge for more appropriate and timely choices.
  • 242
  • 13 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Granger Causality
Identifying causal network problems is important for effective policy and management, and recommendations on climate, epidemiology, and financial regulations. Identifying causality in complex systems can be difficult. Granger causality is an approach that uses predictability as opposed to correlation to identify causation between time series variables. Variable X is said to “Granger cause” Y if the predictability of Y declines when X is removed from the universe of all possible causative variables. The key requirement of Granger causality is separability, namely that information about a causative factor is independently unique to that variable and can be removed by eliminating that variable from the model.
  • 240
  • 17 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Assessing Reporting of Firms
In corporate reporting, anti-corruption disclosures are generally included within the broad category of non-financial disclosures as part of social disclosure, including employee information (gender pay gap, for example), social engagement, and modern slavery reporting. Such corporate anti-corruption disclosure (ACD) purports to inform investors and other stakeholders of a company’s commitment to eliminating corruption and promoting transparency and accountability.
  • 229
  • 20 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Leverage,  Firm Value and Corporate Governance
The level of debt acts as a disciplinary financial tool. Moreover, more leverage raises firm value (FV) until a specific point, and then the FV starts to decline. 
  • 223
  • 04 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Effectiveness Factors of Internal Audit Quality in Banks
Due to the complexity of internal audit effectiveness, it has been less studied in accounting and finance. Internal audits are defined by different authors in different ways. Internal audit effectiveness helps to achieve the set target by the organization and to reach the goals within a specific time is the effectiveness of internal audit quality. Internal audit quality evaluated through potential factors such as competence, objectivity, performance, board audit committee support, and independence. 
  • 215
  • 18 Dec 2023
Topic Review
ESG Transparency and Firm Valuation in Palm Oil
Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) integration is an increasingly popular and innovative investing strategy that requires companies to be transparent about their ESG practices to facilitate investors’ decisions. In the palm oil sector, companies are addressing ESG risks by adopting and disclosing ESG efforts to improve access to financing. 
  • 212
  • 28 Nov 2023
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