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All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Venous Ulcers
Venous leg ulcers (VLUs) are the most severe complication caused by the progression of chronic venous insufficiency. They account for approximately 70–90% of all chronic leg ulcers (CLUs). A total of 1% of the Western population will suffer at some time in their lives from a VLU. Furthermore, most CLUs are VLUs, defined as chronic leg wounds that show no tendency to heal after three months of appropriate treatment or are still not fully healed at 12 months. The essential feature of VLUs is their recurrence.
  • 221
  • 26 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Treatment of Lower Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis
Lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) leads to significant morbidity including pain, swelling, and difficulty walking in the affected limb. If left untreated, DVT increases the risk of pulmonary embolism (PE), recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE), and post thrombotic syndrome (PTS). The objective of this overview is to identify catheter-directed interventions for the treatment of lower extremity DVT. Percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy (PMT), catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT), and pharmacomechanical CDT (PCDT) devices are discussed in detail with a focus on their mechanism of action and indication of use. 
  • 566
  • 12 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Selected Plant-Derived Polyphenols for Peripheral Artery Disease
The purpose herein is to take into account the mechanisms that lead to endothelium dysfunction, such as the glycoxidation process and the production of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) that result in protein misfolding, and to suggest plant-derived polyphenols that could be useful in peripheral artery disease, PAD. Thus, five polyphenols are considered, baicalein, curcumin, mangiferin, quercetin and resveratrol, reviewing the literature in PubMed. The key molecular mechanisms and preclinical and clinical studies of each selected compound are examined. Furthermore, the safety profiles of the polyphenols are outlined, together with the unwanted effects reported in humans, also by searching the WHO database (VigiBase).
  • 423
  • 28 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Preoperative Anemia in Vascular Patients
Anemia is a common condition in preoperative period of peripheral arterial disease patients. Anemia has multifactorial causes, including: iron deficiency; vitamin deficiency and inflammation; and chronic kidney disease. Some retrospective researches demonstrated, that preprocedural anemia is a predictor adverse outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for vascular disease treatment. These outcomes are increase likelihood of: A) transfusion; B) amputation; C) and major adverse cardiovascular events.It is not clear if preoperative anemia optimization with iron and/or erythropoietin, reduce major adverse outcomes in patients submitted to vascular peripheral surgeries. 
  • 548
  • 04 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Phosphate in Vascular Calcification
Inorganic phosphate is essential for a variety of cellular processes, such as energy metabolism, bone formation, and synthesis of biomolecules, including phospholipids and nucleic acids. However, elevated serum phosphorus has emerged as a key risk factor for vascular calcification.
  • 596
  • 21 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Critical Limb Ischemia
A promising cell treatment in wound healing is the local injection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs). The treatment is aimed to induce angiogenesis as well to switch inflammatory macrophages, called the M1 phenotype, into anti-inflammatory macrophages, called M2, a phenotype devoted to tissue repair. This mechanism is called polarization and is a critical step for the healing of all human tissues. PBMNCs are the mononuclear cells of the blood: lymphocytes (T cells, B cells and NK cells), monocytes and a small fraction of the endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) .
  • 323
  • 19 May 2022
Topic Review
Peripheral Arterial Disease and Cardiologist
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a manifestation of systemic atherosclerotic disease. PAD patients have a poor prognosis with an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) events, including myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, limb ischemia and CV death; therefore, it is important to detect and treat PAD early. PAD and coronary artery disease (CAD) share a common pathogenesis and risk factors for development; therefore, cardiologists are in a unique position to screen, diagnosis and treat PAD.
  • 137
  • 17 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Peripheral Arterial Atherosclerotic Disease in Elderly Patients
Atherosclerosis is a generalized and progressive disease. Ageing is a key risk factor for atherosclerosis progression that is associated with the increased incidence of ischemic events in supplied organs, including stroke, coronary events, limb ischemia, or renal failure. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and major disability in adults ≥ 75 years of age. Atherosclerotic occlusive disease affects everyday activity and quality of life, and it is associated with reduced life expectancy. Although there is evidence on coronary artery disease management in the elderly, there is insufficient data on the management in older patients presented with atherosclerotic lesions outside the coronary territory. Despite this, trials and observational studies systematically exclude older patients, particularly those with severe comorbidities, physical or cognitive dysfunctions, frailty, or residence in a nursing home. This results in serious critical gaps in knowledge and a lack of guidance on the appropriate medical treatment and referral for endovascular or surgical interventions. 
  • 73
  • 18 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Percutaneous DVA (pDVA)
Percutaneous deep venous arterialization (DVA) is considered the last-chance treatment for ‘no-option’ patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI). Palliative amputation, which is linked to a high risk of peri-procedural and 1-year mortality, is thereby potentially avoided. Due to the lack of reproducibility and standardization of the procedure, DVA has been attempted in multiple settings using tools and techniques currently available (i.e., ‘off-label’). In studies where alternate techniques of venous arterialization have been used, technical and clinical success varied from 77% to 100% and from 29% to 75%, respectively.
  • 127
  • 06 Dec 2023
Topic Review
NAFLD and Cardiovascular Comorbidities
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a liver disease that can progress from hepatic steatosis to steatohepatitis and even cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. From the histopathological point of view, it is characterized by excess storage of macrovesicular fat in hepatocytes. These macrovesicular storages are composed of triglycerides that accumulate in the liver. The process can lead in some individuals to an inflammatory response, which is responsible for steatohepatitis, that leads to fibrosis and, finally, cirrhosis.NAFLD has a growing prevalence in recent years. Its association with cardiovascular disease has been intensively studied, and certain correlations have been identified. The connection between these two entities has lately aroused interest regarding therapeutic management. 
  • 4.3K
  • 07 May 2021
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