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All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Myofunctional Therapy in Sleep-Disordered Breathing
Myofunctional therapy (MFT) may have a role in improving muscle tone and alleviating upper airway collapse in sleep-disordered breathing. The purposes of this state-of-the-art review are to first review systematically the current literature on the effectiveness of MFT in treating sleep-disordered breathing and then to provide an overview of the current understanding of patient selection, side effects, type and duration of exercises, guidance of exercise performance, evaluation of results, and how best to promote adherence. PubMed (Medline), the Cochrane Library, and the EMBASE, Scopus and SciELO databases were checked for relevant studies by three authors, and a total of 23 studies were included.
  • 511
  • 03 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Vestibular Schwannoma for Hearing Preservation Surgery
Vestibular schwannoma is a clinically benign schwannoma that arises from the vestibulocochlear nerve that causes sensorineural hearing loss. This tumor is clinically and oncologically regarded as a benign tumor as it does not metastasize or invade surrounding tissues. Despite being a benign tumor, its management is difficult and controversial due to the potential serious complications, such as irreversible sensorineural hearing loss, of the interventions. Therefore, preventing hearing loss due to the natural course of the disease and complications of surgery is a challenging issue for an otologist.
  • 508
  • 19 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Molecular Therapeutic Targets for Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignant tumor of the salivary glands. The most researched pathway associated with ACC is the MYB–NFIB translocation, found to lead to dysregulation of critical cellular pathways and thought to be a fundamental driver in a subset of ACC disease pathogenesis. Other notable molecular targets that have been studied include the cKIT receptor, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway, and NOTCH1, all with limited efficacy in clinical trials. The ongoing investigation of molecular abnormalities underpinning ACC that may be responsible for carcinogenesis is critical to identifying and developing novel targeted therapies.
  • 466
  • 22 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Noise-Induced Hearing Loss
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is the second most common cause of sensorineural hearing loss, after age-related hearing loss, and affects approximately 5% of the world’s population. NIHL is associated with substantial physical, mental, social, and economic impacts at the patient and societal levels. Stress and social isolation in patients’ workplace and personal lives contribute to quality-of-life decrements which may often go undetected. 
  • 463
  • 11 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Circulating Tumor DNA in Head and Neck Cancer
Head and neck cancer remains a challenging and deadly disease as it is often identified in more advanced stages due to limitations in screening and surveillance. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has the potential to improve outcomes by enhancing screening, early diagnosis, and surveillance in head and neck cancer patients.
  • 457
  • 14 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Clinical Application of Botulinum Toxin in Laryngeal Dystonia
Laryngeal dystonia (LD), or spasmodic dysphonia (SD), is a chronic, task-specific, focal movement disorder affecting the larynx. It interferes primarily with the essential functions of phonation and speech. LD affects patients’ ability to communicate effectively and significantly diminishes their quality of life. Botulinum neurotoxin was first used as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of LD four decades ago and remains the standard of care for the treatment of LD. 
  • 455
  • 09 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Autologous Fat Injection Laryngoplasty for Unilateral Vocal Palsy
Unilateral vocal palsy (UVFP) affects the voice and swallowing function and could be treated by various materials to achieve improved mucosal wave and better closure during phonation. Injection laryngoplasty is considered an exemplary method for these patients and could be injected as early as possible. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis for the subjective and objective outcomes of autologous fat injection laryngoplasty (AFIL) and assessed the effects for patients with UVFP. 
  • 453
  • 08 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Voice Tremor and Botulinum Neurotoxin Therapy
Voice tremor is a common, yet debilitating symptom for patients suffering from a number of tremor-associated disorders. The key to targeting effective treatments for voice tremor requires a fundamental understanding of the pathophysiology that underpins the tremor mechanism and accurate identification of the disease in affected patients. An updated review of the literature detailing the current understanding of voice tremor (with or without essential tremor), its accurate diagnosis and targeted treatment options was conducted, with a specific focus on the role of botulinum neurotoxin. Judicious patient selection, following detailed characterisation of voice tremor qualities, is essential to optimising treatment outcomes for botulinum neurotoxin therapy, as well as other targeted therapies. Further focused investigation is required to characterise the response to targeted treatment in voice tremor patients and to guide the development of innovative treatment options.
  • 453
  • 09 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Inner Ear Injury and Glucocorticoid Therapy
Hearing loss represents a significant handicap that gravely impacts the quality of life. Normal hearing function depends on the mechanical and physiological integrity of the middle and inner ear structures and their associated nervous system. The middle ear is composed of the tympanic membrane and the ossicles: malleus, incus and stapes. Accordingly, middle ear pathologies primarily involve the mechanical compromise of the eardrum or its associated ossicles due to, for example, an infection, a fluid accumulation or trauma. Corticosteroid therapy has been mainly effective in stopping, decreasing or correcting an auditory impairment in numerous other etiologies of hearing loss, a steroid therapy has also been encouraged in the field of surgical inner ear interventions.
  • 445
  • 28 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Enduring Controversy of Cervicogenic Vertigo
The idea of cervicogenic vertigo (CV) was proposed nearly a century ago, yet despite considerable scrutiny and research, little progress has been made in clarifying the underlying mechanism of the disease, developing a confirmatory diagnostic test, or devising an appropriately targeted treatment. Given the history of this idea, we offer a review geared towards understanding why so many attempts at clarifying it have failed, with specific comments regarding how CV fits into the broader landscape of positional vertigo syndromes, what a successful diagnostic test might require, and some practical advice on how to approach this in the absence of a diagnostic test.
  • 439
  • 28 Sep 2021
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