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Topic Review
Helicobacter pylori infection, pathogenicity, and therapeutic advances
A primer on Helicobacter pylori virulence factors, pathogenicity, gastric conditions that are caused by infection, and treatment modalities. This entry is adapted from the peer-reviewed paper 10.3390/pathogens13050392
  • 77
  • 17 May 2024
Topic Review
Antiviral Agents from Plant
Antiviral Agents from Plant refers to antiviral drugs derived from plants and plant foods. 
  • 56
  • 13 May 2024
Topic Review
Redefining Vaccine Effectiveness through Lessons from SARS-CoV-2
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have played a pivotal role in reducing the risk of developing severe illness from COVID-19, thus helping end the COVID-19 global public health emergency.  Intriguingly, as SARS-CoV-2 variants emerged, individuals who were fully vaccinated did get infected in high numbers, and viral loads in vaccinated individuals were as high as those in the unvaccinated.  However, vaccines undoubtedly offered protection against severe illness even without conferring immunity in the classical sense.  The lessons learned from anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are a call to the medical community to revisit and redefine the concept of vaccine effectiveness.  This endeavor is likely to increase increase vaccine confidence, and thus bolster global health education efforts and preventive care. 
  • 141
  • 07 May 2024
Topic Review
Melatonin in Viral, Bacterial and Parasitic Infections
The current view of the origin of melatonin (MLT), chemically defined as N-acetyl-5-methoxytriptamine, suggests that MLT appeared on earth about 2.5 billion years ago. Indeed, it is proposed that at that time, anaerobic bacteria developed the ability to synthesize MLT as an adaptative response to increasing concentrations of oxygen in the atmosphere.
  • 174
  • 21 Mar 2024
Topic Review
SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a Protein as Therapeutic Target against COVID-19
The ORF3a (open reading frame 3a) protein found in SARS-CoV-2, represents a promising target for antiviral treatment due to its multifaceted role in viral pathogenesis, cytokine storms, disease severity, and mortality. ORF3a contributes significantly to viral pathogenesis by facilitating viral assembly and release, essential processes in the viral life cycle, while also suppressing the body’s antiviral responses, thus aiding viral replication. ORF3a also has been implicated in triggering excessive inflammation, characterized by NF-κB-mediated cytokine production, ultimately leading to apoptotic cell death and tissue damage in the lungs, kidneys, and the central nervous system. 
  • 95
  • 19 Mar 2024
Topic Review
HPV Behavior in Oral and Vaginal Cavity
Human genital papilloma virus infection is the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection in the world. It is estimated that more than 75% of sexually active women contract this infection in their lifetime. In 80% of young women, there is the clearance of the virus within 18–24 months.
  • 51
  • 18 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Microscopy Diagnosis of Trichomoniasis
More than one million curable sexually transmitted infections occur every day. Trichomonas vaginalis is one of the main infections responsible for these epidemiological data. The diagnosis of this protozoan is mainly based on microscopic and culture identification. 
  • 55
  • 15 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Genetic Variations and Antibiotic-Related Adverse Events
Antibiotic-related adverse events are common in both adults and children, and knowledge of the factors that favor the development of antibiotic-related adverse events is essential to limit their occurrence and severity. Genetics can condition the development of antibiotic-related adverse events, and the screening of patients with supposed or demonstrated specific genetic mutations may reduce drug-related adverse events.
  • 283
  • 14 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Sodium Toxicity and Immune Response in COVID-19
High dietary sodium intake leading to sodium toxicity is associated with comorbid conditions of COVID-19 such as hypertension, kidney disease, stroke, pneumonia, obesity, diabetes, hepatic disease, cardiac arrhythmias, thrombosis, migraine, tinnitus, Bell’s palsy, multiple sclerosis, systemic sclerosis, and polycystic ovary syndrome.
  • 55
  • 13 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Technologies for Plasmon-Based Fluorescence Enhancement
Fluorescence is a widely used phenomenon in various scientific and technological fields, including biology, chemistry, medicine, and materials science. The fluorescence signal provides valuable information about molecular interactions, concentrations, and structural changes. Fluorescence exhibits numerous valuable applications, encompassing the detection of single molecules, fluorescence nanoscopy, biological labeling, and optoelectronic device functionality, among many others. Fluorescence enhancement is imperative for enhancing the sensitivity and precision of a wide range of scientific and technological applications that heavily rely on fluorescence detection. It is a crucial requirement to elevate the performance and reliability of these applications.
  • 103
  • 11 Mar 2024
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