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All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Treatment of Preterm Infants at Border of Viability
Decision-making at the border of viability remains challenging for the expectant parents and the medical team. The preterm infant is dependent on others making the decision that will impact them for a lifetime in hopefully their best interest. Besides survival and survival without neurodevelopmental impairment, other relevant outcome measures, such as the quality of life of former preterm infants and the impact on family life, need to be integrated into prenatal counselling.
  • 334
  • 17 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Transtheoretical Model
The transtheoretical model of behavior change is an integrative theory of therapy that assesses an individual's readiness to act on a new healthier behavior, and provides strategies, or processes of change to guide the individual. The model is composed of constructs such as: stages of change, processes of change, levels of change, self-efficacy, and decisional balance. The transtheoretical model is also known by the abbreviation "TTM" and sometimes by the term "stages of change", although this latter term is a synecdoche since the stages of change are only one part of the model along with processes of change, levels of change, etc. Several self-help books—Changing for Good (1994), Changeology (2012), and Changing to Thrive (2016)—and articles in the news media have discussed the model. It has been called "arguably the dominant model of health behaviour change, having received unprecedented research attention, yet it has simultaneously attracted criticism".
  • 1.9K
  • 21 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Transactional Analysis
Transactional analysis (TA) is a psychoanalytic theory and method of therapy wherein social interactions (or “transactions”) are analyzed to determine the ego state of the communicator (whether parent-like, childlike, or adult-like) as a basis for understanding behavior. In transactional analysis, the communicator is taught to alter the ego state as a way to solve emotional problems. The method deviates from Freudian psychoanalysis which focuses on increasing awareness of the contents of subconsciously held ideas. Eric Berne developed the concept and paradigm of transactional analysis in the late 1950s.
  • 919
  • 20 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Traditional Healing Practices in Fiji
Traditional Healing Practices in Fiji means the therapies using ceremonies; plant-, animal-, or mineral-based medicines; energy therapies (also called biofield therapies). They are based on the belief that there are energy fields that flow through and around your body. When energy is flowing freely through your body, you have good emotional, physical and spiritual health. When you are ill, the energy flow is blocked 
  • 2.1K
  • 28 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasma gondii is an apicomplexan parasite causing toxoplasmosis, a common disease, which is most typically asymptomatic. However, toxoplasmosis can be severe and even fatal in immunocompromised patients and fetuses. Available treatment options are limited, so there is a strong impetus to develop novel therapeutics. 
  • 806
  • 17 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Tolerogenic Vaccines to Induce Antigen-Specific Tolerance
Conventional therapies for immune-mediated diseases, including autoimmune disorders, transplant reactions, and allergies, have undergone a radical evolution in the last few decades; however, they are still not specific enough to avoid widespread immunosuppression. The idea that vaccine usage could be extended beyond its traditional immunogenic function by encompassing the ability of vaccines to induce antigen-specific tolerance may revolutionize preventive and therapeutic strategies in several clinical fields that deal with immune-mediated disorders. 
  • 882
  • 22 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Tocotrienols: Stroke and Myocardial Infarction
Although the current treatments for stroke and myocardial infarction contribute to an improvement in mortality rates, the consequences of reperfusion therapy have remained a challenge. Tocotrienols have been shown to exert beneficial effects on the brain and heart.  We retrieved articles from Scopus, MEDLINE and PubMed from inception to June 2021, and included any studies using tocotrienols as a treatment for cerebral or myocardial I/R injury therapy. Observational studies and review articles were excluded, and the risk of bias was conducted using a specific tool for animal study (SYRCLE). The data were analyzed qualitatively. Twelve articles met the eligibility criteria. Tocotrienols significantly improved the structural, functional, and biochemical parameters in both cerebral and myocardial I/R injury models. In contrast, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis were markedly attenuated by tocotrienol treatment. Limitations to the analysis included marked differences in animal models, disease inductions, forms of tocotrienols, and an unclear risk of bias in certain types of bias. However, tocotrienols have the potential to serve as a supplement for reducing the impact of reperfusion injury. 
  • 1.2K
  • 10 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Tirzepatide in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Tirzepatide is a novel once-a-week dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, currently under trial to assess glycemic efficacy and safety in people with type 2 diabetes.
  • 415
  • 11 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Tirzepatide in Type 2 Diabetes
Tirzepatide (TZP) is a once-weekly glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent-insulinotropic-polypeptide (GIP) receptor co-agonist approved for T2D. TZP provides promising evidence in improving glucose control and weight loss in T2D and obesity across preclinical and human studies, including data from the SURPASS program. TZP dramatically changes the clinical course of T2D in different clinical scenarios. 
  • 162
  • 19 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Thymus Gland
The thymus gland is the chief lymphoid organ that regulates the functions of the immune and endocrine systems by controlling the levels of hormones and cytokines. The thymus gland protects against various internal and external stresses through immunoregulatory properties, nerve systems, and endocrine pathways. The thymus gland controls cell proliferation, apoptosis, hormones, and neuropeptides, as well as regulating intrathymic T cell differentiation and production of a repertoire of the T cell.
  • 541
  • 26 Oct 2021
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