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Topic Review
HIV-Associated Colorectal Oncogenesis
The advancement of HIV treatment has led to increased life expectancy. People living with HIV (PLWH) are at a higher risk of developing colorectal cancers. Chronic inflammation has a key role in oncogenesis, affecting the initiation, promotion, transformation, and advancement of the disease. 
  • 267
  • 05 May 2023
Topic Review
Circulating Tumor DNA—A Novel Biomarker of Tumor Progression
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world and seriously affects the quality of life of patients. The diagnostic techniques for tumors mainly include tumor biomarker detection, instrumental examination, and tissue biopsy. Liquid technology represented by circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has gradually replaced traditional technology with its advantages of being non-invasive and accurate, its high specificity, and its high sensitivity. ctDNA is a small DNA fragment derived from tumor cells, which contains tumor-related genomic information, such as mutation, methylation, microsatellite instability, etc. It is an ideal biomarker for real-time monitoring of tumor development. 
  • 262
  • 09 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Cannabinoids in Biological Specimens
Cannabinoids are still the most consumed drugs of abuse worldwide. Despite being considered less harmful to human health, particularly if compared with opiates or cocaine, cannabis consumption has important medico-legal and public health consequences.
  • 240
  • 09 May 2023
Topic Review
Metabolomics for the Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used to treat diabetes for a long time, but its application has not been widely accepted due to unstandardized product quality and complex pharmacological mechanisms. The modernization of TCM is crucial for its further development, and in recent years the metabolomics technique has largely driven its modernization.
  • 236
  • 20 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Phage Display Technology in Monoclonal Antibody Production
The groundbreaking work of John McCafferty and Sir Gregory Winter in developing phage display technology revolutionized the discovery of human antibodies, paving the way for diverse applications. Since then, numerous phage-derived antibodies have been successfully developed and advanced into clinical studies, resulting in the approval of more than a dozen therapeutic antibodies. These antibodies have demonstrated efficacy across a spectrum of medical conditions, ranging from autoimmune diseases to various cancers.
  • 178
  • 08 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Immunosensors for Autoimmune-Disease-Related Biomarkers
Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are a group of various disorders that are characterized by dysregulation of the immune system. This malfunction state leads to an improper activation of immune elements that may consequently attack target molecules, cells, and tissues of the organism, resulting in inflammation and organ damage. Due to the continuously increasing number of patients with ADs, the severity of ADs’ clinical symptoms, and treatment insufficiency, novel analytical tools enabling early, reliable, and high-throughput disease diagnosis are highly desirable, since such tools may help health systems to confront the burden related to the late diagnosis of ADs and decrease premature mortality. To meet this need, during the last two decades, several immunosensors for detecting AD-related biomarkers have been developed as research prototypes. The AD immunosensors reported to date can be divided into two main categories depending on the biomarker(s) detected, i.e., either various autoantibodies or other protein biomarkers, such as specific inflammation-related cytokines. Most of AD immunosensors are electrochemical, while some optical and a few piezoelectric sensors have also been described.
  • 162
  • 04 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Laboratory Tools to Predict CFTR Modulator Effectiveness
The implementation of cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator drugs into clinical practice has been attaining remarkable therapeutic outcomes for CF, a life-threatening autosomal recessive genetic disease. However, there is elevated CFTR allelic heterogeneity, and various individuals carrying (ultra)rare CF genotypes remain without any approved modulator therapy. Novel translational model systems based on individuals’ own cells/tissue are now available and can be used to interrogate in vitro CFTR modulator responses and establish correlations of these assessments with clinical features, aiming to provide prediction of therapeutic effectiveness.
  • 148
  • 17 Feb 2024
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