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Topic Review
Strength and Weakness of NIBS-RAR Coupled Intervention
Robot-aided rehabilitation (RAR) and non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) are the two main interventions for post-stroke rehabilitation. The importance of coupling these interventions, which both enhance brain plasticity to promote recovery, lies in augmenting the rehabilitation potential to constrain the limitation in daily living activities and the quality of life following stroke.
  • 533
  • 08 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Synthesis of Carbon Dots
There are many studies on the different synthesis methods of carbon dots. Each process aims to improve the synthesis strategy and optimize the reaction conditions so that the carbon dots are not only more cost-effective and eco-friendly, but also provide more excellent performance.
  • 2.2K
  • 08 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Analytical Methodologies for Determination of Vancomycin
Vancomycin is regarded as the last resort of defense for a wide range of infections due to drug resistance and toxicity. The detection of vancomycin in plasma has always aroused particular concern because the performance of the assay affects the clinical treatment outcome. With the update of technology, bioassay, immunoassay, LC appreared in sequence with respective characteristic. 
  • 421
  • 02 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Approach for Molecular Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infections
Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) represent some of the most challenging complications whose incidence will consequently rise in proportion to surgeries. The manifestation and evaluation of physical findings such as acute local inflammation, fever, and wound drainage, may correlate to the presence of PJIs; indeed, these clinical manifestation are of great value in raising the suspicion of PJIs. 
  • 356
  • 23 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Nerve Stimulation
Nerve stimulation is an effective method to alleviate the negative impacts of neurodegeneration. According to nerve categories, nerve stimulation can be divided into three types—brain stimulation, spinal spur, and peripheral stimulation. All three therapies take similar physical principles to achieve stimulus, while WPT and wireless telecommunication are adopted to maintain a relatively long duration and precise control. 
  • 554
  • 27 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Applications of Graphene in Biosensors for Cancer Detection
Biosensors are a very promising tool for the possibility of sensitive, specific, and non-invasive diagnosis for early detection of cancer. Effective, accurate methods of cancer detection and clinical diagnosis are urgently needed. Biosensors are devices that are designed to detect a specific biological analyte by essentially converting a biological entity (i.e., protein, DNA, RNA) into an electrical signal that can be detected and analyzed. The ultimate goal of biosensors is to detect signals specific to each disease and cancer, and recently nanoparticles have been widely used in the design of biosensors. Graphene and its derivatives are nanoparticles with unique properties and have many applications in nanobiosensors.
  • 710
  • 21 Jul 2022
Topic Review
X-ray Single-Crystal Diffraction
X-ray single-crystal diffraction (XRSCD) is regarded as the most reliable strategy for absolute configuration determination. Differences in the X-ray anomalous scattering effect of each atom are used to determine the absolute configuration of molecules and can provide the precise spatial position of all of the atoms in a compound in the solid state, including how the atoms are connected, the molecular conformation, and accurate bond length and bond angle data. The strength of the anomalous scattering effect is proportional to the electron cloud density of the atom, which is manifested as the stronger anomalous scattering effect of the atom with a larger atomic number.
  • 973
  • 01 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Static and Dynamic Redox State-Related Parameters
Oxidative stress refers to an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant molecules, which is usually associated with oxidative damage to biomolecules and mitochondrial malfunction. Redox state-related parameters include (1) the direct measurement of ROS, (2) the assessment of the antioxidant defense status, and (3) the analysis of the resulting oxidative damage to molecules. Directly measuring ROS appears to be the preferred method among scientists, but most ROS are extremely unstable and difficult to measure. The processes of determining both the oxidative damage to biomolecules and the antioxidant system status, although both are indirect approaches, provide a reliable method to measure oxidative stress on a given sample. Recently, the Seahorse XF and the Oroboros O2k systems have provided new insights into the redox state from a more dynamic point of view. These techniques assess mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation function and bioenergetics on isolated mitochondria, cultured cells, or specific tissues such as permeabilized fibers.
  • 329
  • 31 May 2022
Topic Review
Harmonization and Standardization of Panel-Based Tumor Mutational Burden
Tumor mutational burden (TMB) refers to the total load of somatic mutations in tumor cells. It has been approved as a predictive biomarker for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), next-generation sequencing (NGS) TMB panels are being increasingly used clinically.
  • 377
  • 20 May 2022
Topic Review
Diagnostics of HNSCC Patients
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are very frequent worldwide, and smoking and chronic alcohol use are recognized as the main risk factors. For oropharyngeal cancers, HPV 16 infection is known to be a risk factor as well. By employing next-generation sequencing, both HPV-positive and negative HNSCC patients were detected as positive for PI3K mutation, which was considered an optimal molecular target. The treatment of HNSCC includes surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy alone or combined. In some cases, resistance to therapy with recurrences and metastasis and/or side effects appear. This underlines the need for a new direction of research for targeted cancer therapy.
  • 341
  • 17 May 2022
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