Encyclopedia
Scholarly Community
Encyclopedia
Entry
Journal
Book
Video
Image
News
About
Entry
Entry
Video
Image
Log in/Sign up
Submit
Entry
Video
Image
Subject:
All Disciplines
Arts & Humanities
Biology & Life Sciences
Business & Economics
Chemistry & Materials Science
Computer Science & Mathematics
Engineering
Environmental & Earth Sciences
Medicine & Pharmacology
Physical Sciences
Public Health & Healthcare
Social Sciences
Sort:
Hottest
Latest
Alphabetical (A-Z)
Alphabetical (Z-A)
Type:
All
Topic Review
Biography
Topic Review
Flavonoids for Health and Longevity
Flavonoids are a diverse family of natural phenolic compounds commonly found in fruits, vegetables, tea, wine, and Chinese herbal medicine. Flavonoids have a basic C6–C3–C6 15 carbon skeleton composed of two aromatic rings and one pyran ring. Flavonoid compounds are divided into six subclasses based on their carbon structure and level of oxidation, which are flavones, flavonols, flavanones, isoflavones, flavanol, and anthocyanins.
853
23 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Replicative Senescence in Different Types of Stem Cells
Stem cells serve as a source of cellular material in embryogenesis and postnatal growth and regeneration. This requires significant proliferative potential ensured by sufficient telomere length. Telomere attrition in the stem cells and their niche cells can result in the exhaustion of the regenerative potential of high-turnover organs, causing or contributing to the onset of age-related diseases. Telomerase activity is present in most types of adult stem cells, though at substantially lower levels. Such lower levels are sufficient for slowing down telomere shortening and expanding the replicative lifespan but cannot prevent replicative senescence. In this case, low telomerase expression may provide protection against the malignant transformation of stem cells.
748
13 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Multidimensional Roles of GRK5 in Molecular Aging
Considerable evidence now suggests that GRK5 can act as a molecular 'bridging' factor, allowing signaling regulation in pathophysiological settings that can control the connectivity between both the cardiovascular and neurophysiological complications of aging.
662
23 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Aβ-Peptide Production and Conformational Behavior
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of neurodegenerative disease in the world. Genetic evidence strongly suggests that aberrant generation, aggregation, and/or clearance of neurotoxic amyloid-β peptides (Aβ) triggers the disease. Aβ accumulates at the points of contact of neurons in ordered cords and fibrils, forming the so-called senile plaques. Aβ isoforms of different lengths are found in healthy human brains regardless of age and appear to play a role in signaling pathways in the brain and to have neuroprotective properties at low concentrations. This entry describes molecular mechanisms of amyloid-β precursor protein processing in AD.
643
11 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Income Disparity between Agricultural and Non-Agricultural Households
The income disparity between agricultural and non-agricultural households has been increasing in many countries. Studies in the labor economics literature often link population aging and underemployment to low labor participation and productivity, fewer savings, and greater financial pressure on households.
552
17 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Mediterranean Diet and Physical Activity for Successful Aging
Physical activity among older adults has multiple benefits but is first essential to determine the recommended activity. Physical activity may reduce inflammation and oxidative stress through multiple mechanisms, including the reduced formation of ROS and the accelerated production of DNA-repairing enzymes and antioxidant proteins; furthermore, it can moderate oxidative stress by decreasing TNF-α, C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6. There is conflicting evidence on the effect of physical activity and hormone levels, depending on the kind and length of activity, which can increase the levels of dehydroepiandrosterone and testosterone, but there is no clear evidence.
547
25 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Muscle Delivery of Mitochondria-Targeted Drugs for Sarcopenia
An impairment in mitochondrial homeostasis plays a crucial role in the process of aging and contributes to the incidence of age-related diseases, including sarcopenia, which is defined as an age-dependent loss of muscle mass and strength. Mitochondrial dysfunction exerts a negative impact on several cellular activities, including bioenergetics, metabolism, and apoptosis. In sarcopenia, mitochondria homeostasis is disrupted because of reduced oxidative phosphorylation and ATP generation, the enhanced production of reactive species, and impaired antioxidant defense.
471
05 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Homeostasis
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is one of the primary coenzymes in metabolic processes and is involved with numerous other pathways, such as energy expenditure, metabolic and stress adaptations, and circadian rhythm maintenance. NAD+ levels sharply decline with age, and this decline can be attributed to the activity of CD38, an enzyme responsible for the degradation of NAD+, which disrupts the NAD+ synthesis pathways during the course of aging.
368
16 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Biological Age Predictors
Age is a major risk factor for chronic noncommunicable diseases. It is a recognized contributor to severe COVID-19 and associated complications. However, many studies have suggested that it is biological rather than chronological age that underlies the development of numerous diseases. People age at a different pace, which is determined not only by genetic predisposition but also by external factors, such as socioeconomic factors and lifestyle. The likelihood of aging-associated diseases and mortality varies even among people of the same age. Certain combinations of biomarkers are more reliable predictors of biological age or mortality
361
12 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Primary Gastrointestinal T-Cell Lymphoma and Indolent Lymphoproliferative Disorder
Primary gastrointestinal (GI) T-cell neoplasms are extremely rare heterogeneous disease entities with distinct clinicopathologic features. Given the different prognoses of various disease subtypes, clinicians and pathologists must be aware of the key characteristics of these neoplasms, despite their rarity.
346
06 Dec 2021
Page
of
2
Featured Entry Collections
>>
Featured Books
>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Chief Editor:
Michael McAleer
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Chief Editor:
Stephen Bustin
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Chief Editor:
Luis V. Lopez-Llorca
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Chief Editor:
Sandro Serpa
Entry
Journal
Book
Video
Image
News
About
Log in/Sign up
New Entry
New Video
New Images
About
Terms and Conditions
Privacy Policy
Advisory Board
Contact
Partner
Feedback
Top
Feedback
×
Help Center
Browse our user manual, common Q&A, author guidelines, etc.
Rate your experience
Let us know your experience and what we could improve.
Report an error
Is something wrong? Please let us know!
Other feedback
Other feedback you would like to report.
×
Did you find what you were looking for?
Love
Like
Neutral
Dislike
Hate
0
/500
Email
Do you agree to share your valuable feedback publicly on
Encyclopedia
’s homepage?
Yes, I agree. Encyclopedia can post it.
No, I do not agree. I would not like to post my testimonial.
Webpage
Upload a screenshot
(Max file size 2MB)
Submit
Back
Close
×