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Topic Review
Sensors on IoT Systems for Urban Disaster Management
The occurrence of disasters has the potential to impede the progress of sustainable urban development. For instance, it has the potential to result in significant human casualties and substantial economic repercussions. Sustainable cities, as outlined in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 12, prioritize the objective of disaster risk reduction. According to the Gesi Smarter 2030, the Internet of Things (IoT) assumes a pivotal role in the context of smart cities, particularly in domains including smart grids, smart waste management, and smart transportation. IoT has emerged as a crucial facilitator for the management of disasters, contributing to the development of cities that are both resilient and sustainable. 
  • 161
  • 17 Oct 2023
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Safeguarding Traditional Crafts in Europe
This entry discusses the challenge of safeguarding crafts in Europe. Safeguarding is defined herein as the systematic process of understanding, representing, preserving, and valorizing crafts following the recommendations of UNESCO and the UN-World Tourism Organization. The abovementioned challenges are discussed through a multidisciplinary prism starting from the scientific challenges in the information and communication technologies sector and expanding the discussion to ethical, legal, and policy-making measures and recommendations to safeguard crafts as a form of tangible and intangible cultural heritage but also as a source of growth and impact for the communities that practice them. To this end, the role of education and training for craft preservation is discussed, considering that the declining number of practitioners and apprentices is considered today the main threat to their preservation.
  • 374
  • 11 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Specifications of 5G Cell Search
5G Cell Search (CS) is the first step for user equipment (UE) to initiate communication with the 5G node B (gNB) every time it is powered ON. In cellular networks, CS is accomplished via synchronization signals (SS) broadcasted by gNB. 5G 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) specifications offer a detailed discussion on the SS generation at gNB, but a limited understanding of their blind search and detection is available. 
  • 328
  • 10 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Quantum Computer Hardware
Quantum computers are not only faster than conventional classical computers, but they also have a different framework for solving problems due to the laws of quantum mechanics such as superposition and entanglement.
  • 92
  • 22 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Vision Systems for Fruit and Vegetable Classification
Citrus fruits are the second most important crop worldwide. One of the most important tasks is sorting, which involves manually separating the fruit based on its degree of maturity, and in many cases, involves a task carried out manually by human operators. A machine vision-based citrus sorting system can replace labor work for the inspection of fruit sorting.
  • 205
  • 21 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Wearable Technology in Sports
Wearable technology is increasingly vital for improving sports performance through real-time data analysis and tracking. Both professional and amateur athletes rely on wearable sensors to enhance training efficiency and competition outcomes.
  • 295
  • 20 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Optimal Design of Neural Networks Based on FPGA
Deep learning based on neural network has been widely used in image recognition, speech recognition, natural language processing, automatic driving and other fields, and has made breakthrough progress. FPGA stands out in the field of accelerated deep learning with its flexible architecture and logical unit, high energy efficiency ratio, strong compatibility, low delay and other advantages.
  • 411
  • 15 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Obstacle Detection and Mapping in Vehicle-to-Vehicle Networks
Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) networks, specifically Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs), are central to enhancing road safety by improving vehicle visibility, particularly when traditional onboard sensors fall short. The crucial role that VANETs play in modern transportation systems is increasingly being recognized, with the ability to facilitate real-time communication between vehicles, improving situational awareness, and thereby enhancing road safety. However, the accuracy, integrity and security of these data are of paramount importance, as any inaccuracies or compromises could lead to incorrect hazard perception and possibly catastrophic consequences. Hence, substantial effort is required to maintain these data characteristics while enabling efficient and rapid data exchange.
  • 171
  • 13 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Optical Convolutional Neural Networks
As a leading branch of deep learning, the convolutional neural network (CNN) is inspired by the natural visual perceptron mechanism of living things, showing great application in image recognition, language processing, and other fields. Photonics technology provides a new route for intelligent signal processing with the dramatic potential of its ultralarge bandwidth and ultralow power consumption, which automatically completes the computing process after the signal propagates through the processor with an analog computing architecture.
  • 193
  • 22 Aug 2023
Topic Review
BSafe-360
The popularity of bicycles as a mode of transportation has been steadily increasing. However, concerns about cyclist safety persist due to a need for comprehensive data. This data scarcity hinders accurate assessment of bicycle safety and identification of factors that contribute to the occurrence and severity of bicycle collisions in urban environments. The BSafe-360, a novel multi-sensor device designed as a data acquisition system (DAS) for collecting naturalistic cycling data, which provides a high granularity of cyclist behavior and interactions with other road users.
  • 160
  • 07 Aug 2023
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