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Topic Review
Avocado Peel Extracts in Topical Formulations
The avocado fruit, a derivative of the avocado tree of botanical name Persea americana Mill.. Avocado peel is a cheap and promising option for the retrieval of phenolic compounds, and it was reported that this by-product possesses higher total phenolic content, radical scavenging capacity, and antioxidant activity compared to the pulp. These results highlight the possibility of obtaining sustainable cosmetics, reducing significantly the negative impacts on the environment by the incorporation of extracts sourced from the avocado peel, an  interesting source of phenolic compounds, abundant and low-cost by-product.
  • 1.3K
  • 18 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Multiscapes on an Urbanising Planet
The two most significant signatures of the Anthropocene—agriculture and urbanisation— have yet to be studied synoptically. The term periurban is used to describe territory where the urbanising trend of the planet extends into multiscapes. A periurban praxis is required that spatially reconciles urbanisation and agriculture, simultaneously permitting urban growth and the enhance- ment of critical ecosystem services provided by agricultural hinterlands.
  • 755
  • 18 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Deep Learning Algorithms in Agriculture
The field of agriculture is one of the most important fields in which the application of deep learning still needs to be explored, as it has a direct impact on human well-being. In particular, there is a need to explore how deep learning models can be used as a tool for optimal planting, land use, yield improvement, production/disease/pest control, and other activities. The vast amount of data received from sensors in smart farms makes it possible to use deep learning as a model for decision-making in this field. In agriculture, no two environments are exactly alike, which makes testing, validating, and successfully implementing such technologies much more complex than in most other industries. 
  • 960
  • 18 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Polysaccharides in Agro-Industrial Biomass Residues
The use of waste biomass to produce biopolymers and nutricosmetic or pharmacological materials is increasing, although still scarcely compared to its great potential, employment, and valorization. Organic waste biomass is a great source of natural polysaccharides such as cellulose, chitin, hyaluronic acid, inulin, and pectin. Biomass from the agricultural sectors is a relevant part of waste generation and commonly comprises leaves, roots, stalks, bark, bagasse, seeds, straw, wood, animal parts, crustacean shells, and others. Polysaccharides are the most abundant biological materials on the planet. This natural abundance contributes to the discovery of their novel applications. Their industrial use is still very modest considering their versatility and great potential, although it has recently seen significant increases.
  • 909
  • 18 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Communication Signal Delay and the Power Grid
In the electricity grid, communication delays arise at a number of stages, which include signal transmission from phasor measurement units (PMUs) to management centers, from management centers to controllers, analog-to-digital conversion, computing on overall entry adjustable, and phase synchronization of alerts through the Global Positioning System (GPS). Such delays will have an effect on controllers and device performance.
  • 1.1K
  • 15 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Silicon Waveguide Grating Modulators
Silicon waveguide grating modulators are such silicon modulators with waveguide gratings introduced to the modulation regions. As a kind of period optical structure, the waveguide gratings in the modulator will generate slow light effect to increase the light-matter interaction. Through this approach, the modulation efficiency can be enhanced and a more compact modulator footprint can be obtained. Simultaneously, silicon waveguide grating modulators can be fabricated under CMOS process which have lower process requirements than silicon photonic crystal modulators. While maintaining high-speed performance and CMOS compatibility, silicon waveguide grating modulators have ultra-compact footprint compared with conventional silicon Mach-Zehnder modulators, which will play an important role in future high-density optoelectronic integration.
  • 610
  • 14 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Innovations and Emerging Cooling Technologies for Greenhouses
The climate control inside the greenhouse constitutes an efficient methodology for maintaining a satisfactory environment that fulfills the requirements of high-yield crops and reduced energy and water resource consumption. In hot climates, the cooling systems, which are assisted by an effective control technique, constitute a suitable path for maintaining an appropriate climate inside the greenhouse, where the required temperature and humidity distribution is maintained.
  • 1.4K
  • 11 Mar 2022
Topic Review
A Decision Support Tool for Buying Farm Tractors
Tractors are the most important equipment for most of the farmers. Data science can help farmers when making a decision about tractor purchase. Buying a tractor represents a big investment for farmers, and price is one of their main concerns. This study presents the development of a web-based decision support tool (DST) that calculate the price of new and second-hand tractors, for the purpose of providing the decision-maker some information that will lead him to the final decision. The tool makes use of different algorithms based on predictive analytics methodologies. 
  • 411
  • 10 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Engineered Nanotechnology in Chronic Cutaneous Wound Treatment
The healing of chronic wound infections, especially cutaneous wounds, involves a complex cascade of events demanding mutual interaction between immunity and other natural host processes. Wound infections are caused by the consortia of microbial species that keep on proliferating and produce various types of virulence factors that cause the development of chronic infections. The mono- or polymicrobial nature of surface wound infections is best characterized by its ability to form biofilm that renders antimicrobial resistance to commonly administered drugs due to poor biofilm matrix permeability. For the treatment of chronic wounds, extensive research is ongoing to explore a variety of nanoplatforms, including metallic and nonmetallic NPs, nanofibers and self-accumulating nanocarriers. As the use of the magnetic nanoparticle (MNP)-entrenched pre-designed hydrogel sheet (MPS) is found to enhance wound healing, the bio-nanocomposites consisting of bacterial cellulose and magnetic nanoparticles (magnetite) are now successfully used for the healing of chronic wounds. With the objective of precise targeting, some kinds of “intelligent” nanoparticles are constructed to react according to the required environment, which are later incorporated in the dressings, so that the wound can be treated with nano-impregnated dressing material in situ. For the effective healing of skin wounds, high-expressing, transiently modified stem cells, controlled by nano 3D architectures, have been developed to encourage angiogenesis and tissue regeneration. In order to overcome the challenge of time and dose constraints during drug administration, the approach of combinatorial nano therapy is adopted, whereby AI will help to exploit the full potential of nanomedicine to treat chronic wounds.
  • 468
  • 03 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Multilevel DC-AC Inverters (MLIs) Topologies
Achieving a soft-switching operation is a challenging task in the development of multilevel inverters for EV motor drives. Nevertheless, multilevel inverters can present several exclusive advantages that are mainly beneficial to EVs. To be exact, they can produce nearby-sinusoidal voltage waveforms with only fundamental frequency, producing smaller harmonic contents in the output current and voltage, reduced power losses, produce almost no EMI, are appropriate for high rating motor drives, and adequate for BEVs where floating DC power sources are logically obtainable. One can overcome the difficulties of the traditional two-level inverter (TLIs). Thus, the expansion of multilevel inverters for EVs can be rapidly accelerated. Multilevel AC output waveforms can be produced by MLI circuit arrangements. Multilevel DC-AC inverters topologies can be classified as classical and advanced inverters.
  • 3.7K
  • 28 Feb 2022
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