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Topic Review
Forest Fires on Air Quality in Wolgan Valley
Forests are an important natural resource and are instrumental in sustaining environmental sustainability. Burning biomass in forests results in greenhouse gas emissions, many of which are long-lived. Precise and consistent broad-scale monitoring of fire intensity is a valuable tool for analyzing climate and ecological changes related to fire. Remote sensing and geographic information systems provide an opportunity to improve current practice’s accuracy and performance. 
  • 489
  • 28 Dec 2021
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Geographic Information System and Atomized Transportation Modes
Transportation is a spatial activity. The geographic Information System (GIS) is the process of capturing, managing, analyzing, and presenting spatial data. GIS techniques are essential to the study of various aspects of transportation. In this entry, the state of knowledge regarding atomized transportation modes is presented. Atomized transportation modes are defined as transportation modes which deal with low passenger numbers.
  • 462
  • 27 May 2022
Topic Review
Improvement of Vacuum Preloading System
The vacuum preloading system consists of vertical drains, horizontal vacuum pipes embedded in a layer of the sand blanket, membranes, and vacuum pumps. Studies have confirmed that vacuum preloading can effectively accelerate the consolidation process of soft soil. Further improvement in the efficiency of this method is still the continuing goal of scholars.
  • 462
  • 16 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Ground Movement Due to Swelling/Shrinkage of Nicosia Marl
The social and economic impact of expansive soils has been historically significant and is becoming more important in recent years as urban centers expand into areas covering such soils. The research mentioned here are meant to help in understanding the relationship between the spatial distribution of the causal factors and the magnitude of this phenomenon. Its findings can be of benefit to state authorities and other policy makers, as well as the construction industry, in planning future urban development and the maintenance of existing infrastructure.
  • 415
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Fractals in Engineered Particulate Materials
The fractal framework could help to better understand the inherent variability of granular materials’ behaviour, how these relate to structures at micro-scale, and how understanding, rationalizing, and reducing the randomness at micro-scale can facilitate the design at macro-scale.
  • 381
  • 29 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Role of Basalt Geochemistry in CO2 Storage
The geochemistry of basalt plays a crucial role in the storage of CO2, as it possesses natural properties that enable the capture and sequestration of CO2. Basalt exhibits a remarkable ability to react with CO2 and form stable carbonate minerals, a process known as mineral carbonation or carbon sequestration.
  • 345
  • 06 Sep 2023
Topic Review
GPS in the Earthmoving Industry
GPS when applied in the earthmoving industry can be a viable asset to contractors and increase the overall efficiency of the job.
  • 272
  • 04 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Applications of Machine Learning in Tunnel Boring Machines
Tunnel Boring Machines (TBMs) typically consist of a rotating cutter head that breaks up the rock or soil and a conveyor system that removes the excavated material. TBMs are preferred over traditional drill and blast techniques due to their higher efficiency, safer working conditions, minimal environmental disturbance, and reduced project costs. TBMs have become prevalent in tunnel construction due to their high efficiency and reliability. The proliferation of data obtained from site investigations and data acquisition systems provides an opportunity for the application of machine learning (ML) techniques. ML algorithms have been successfully applied in TBM tunneling because they are particularly effective in capturing complex, non-linear relationships.
  • 244
  • 15 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Circular Business Model in Pulp and Paper Industry
Innovation in the circular economy (CE) and the deployment of effective circular business models (CBM) have attracted significant attention in times of growing natural resource scarcity.
  • 147
  • 04 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Laboratory Testing and Classification of Mudrocks
Mudrocks are fine-grained clay-rich rocks that comprise different lithotypes forming more than 60% of all sedimentary rocks, and thus, they occur frequently in engineering projects either as natural ground or as made ground. These rocks may display a range of engineering behaviours controlled mostly by their composition and structural features. Due to rapid breakdown and susceptibility to volume changes, they may cause problems both during and after construction. Research into the susceptibility of mudrocks to breakdown aims to predict problematic behaviour and provide guidance for avoiding or mitigating these effects. Low-durability materials that disintegrate during sampling and testing can be especially difficult to assess. 
  • 146
  • 19 Oct 2023
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