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Topic Review
Computational Design and Virtual Reality Tools
Virtual reality was investigated with various computational design approaches to improve users’ ability to communicate, share, and grasp the design’s requirements to better conceptualize ideas during various design and review stages.
  • 336
  • 23 May 2023
Topic Review
Polythionic Acid Corrosion in Oil and Gas Sector
Polythionic acid (PTA) corrosion is a significant challenge in the refinery industry, leading to equipment degradation, safety risks, and costly maintenance.
  • 333
  • 12 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Energy Transition in Greece
The global challenge of Reducing Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions, recent technological developments and cost reductions of Renewable Energy Sources (RES), the widespread diversification of gas supply sources and the demand for decentralized power generation are leading to a complete and irreversible phase-out from solid fossil fuels, i.e., coal and lignite. For the European Union (EU) regions with high dependence of their local economy on the solid fossil fuel industry, the process of decarbonization will require a significant productive diversification in the medium term and, above all, an immediate solution to the problem of thousands of jobs lost in the coming years. 
  • 333
  • 18 Mar 2024
Topic Review
LEED-NC-Certified Projects in Germany
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is one of the most well-known environmental rating systems; developed in the United States, it has been widely adopted around the world.
  • 332
  • 17 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Microalgae Biomass and Biochemical Conversion
Among the available renewable resources, microalgae biomass, a third-generation feedstock, is promising for energy production due to its rich biochemical composition, metabolic elasticity, and ability to produce numerous bioenergy products, including biomethane, biohydrogen, and bioethanol.
  • 328
  • 16 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Energy Efficiency in a Global Context
Energy efficiency is, in principle, a simple idea: an output of human value, for example, vehicle-km traveled, divided by the needed input energy. Efficiency improvements are regarded as an important means of mitigating not only climate change, but also other environmental problems. Much has been written about energy efficiency, but it is mainly concerned with means for improving efficiency, or barriers to implementing higher energy efficiency. In contrast, this entry argues that the concept of energy efficiency needs to be broadened, both conceptually to include ethical considerations, and spatially, to include distant as well as local impacts.
  • 328
  • 28 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Internet of Things Technologies in Green Stormwater Infrastructure
Incorporating smart tools and technologies into Green Stormwater Infrastructure (GSI) has been identified as a natural next step for stormwater management. A plethora of smart stormwater management systems have been proposed, mostly by integrating sensing, control, communication, and computing capabilities. These advancements can augment the operation, performance, and capacity of existing or new infrastructure through enhanced data capture, analysis, and control of infrastructure systems. These methods have been tested in the realm of water management for monitoring, controlling, and managing water volume and quality, and for supporting decision-making practices in water distribution networks.
  • 325
  • 15 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Sustainable Energy Strategies for Power Purchase Agreements
Renewable energy strategies for sustainable development perform as best practices and strategic insights necessary to support large scale organizations’ approach to sustainability. Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) enhance the value of such initiatives. A renewable PPA contract delivers green energy efficiently to organizations that seek sustainability benefits. Consequently, various approaches that define PPAs are utilized to motivate both interested parties to participate in such deals.
  • 325
  • 30 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Core Directions in Miscanthus Research
Мискантус является ценным возобновляемым сырьем и обладает значительным потенциалом для производства разнообразных продуктов на основе таких макромолекул, как целлюлоза, гемицеллюлозы и лигнин. 
  • 323
  • 17 Oct 2023
Topic Review
The Oil Spill Models
Oil spills may have devastating effects on marine ecosystems, public health, the economy, and coastal communities. To predict in near real time oil spill transport and fate with increased reliability, these models are usually coupled operationally to synoptic meteorological, hydrodynamic, and wave models. 
  • 320
  • 05 Jun 2023
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