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Topic Review
Working Principle of Polymer-Based Nanogenerators Using Environmental Energy
Natural environment hosts a considerable amount of accessible energy, comprising mechanical, thermal, and chemical potentials. Environment-induced nanogenerators are nanomaterial-based electronic chips that capture environmental energy and convert it into electricity in an environmentally friendly way. Polymers, characterized by their superior flexibility, lightweight, and ease of processing, are considered viable materials.
  • 73
  • 01 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Concentrated Solar Power Technology in Photocatalytic Water Purification
Photocatalysis, a promising semiconductor-based technology activated by free and eternal solar energy, has great potential for addressing environmental remediation and energy conversion challenges. Concentrated solar power (CSP) technologies, namely parabolic trough reflectors, solar power towers, parabolic dish reflectors and linear Fresnel reflectors, exhibited excellent feasibility for boosting solar-driven photocatalytic processes. Based on the structural characteristics of CSP technologies, the CSP-based photocatalytic reactors could be divided into concentrated types and non/low-concentrated types. 
  • 508
  • 23 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Microplastic Removal from Wastewater by Natural Coagulation
Urban industrialization has caused a ubiquity of microplastics in the environment. A large percentage of plastic waste originated from Southeast Asian countries. Microplastics arising from the primary sources of personal care items and industrial uses and the fragmentation of larger plastics have recently garnered attention due to their ubiquity. Due to the rising level of plastic waste in the environment, the bioaccumulation and biomagnification of plastics threaten aquatic and human life. Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents are one of the major sources of these plastic fragments. Coagulation is a significant process in removing microplastics, and natural coagulants are far superior to their chemical equivalents due to their non-toxicity and cost-effectiveness. 
  • 102
  • 23 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Biological Processes for Dairy Wastewater Treatment
Dairy wastewater (DWW) has a high fat content along with a high chemical oxygen demand (COD), which makes it problematic to dispose of. Biological treatment processes have shown great success in the remediation of this water. However, these are not without their shortfalls. A variety of biological processes have been listed here as well as suggestions to improve their effectiveness. To improve the treatment efficiency, there are two main lines of thinking: First, to optimise the process through the manipulation of the physical parameters of the systems (e.g., temperature, pH, hydraulic retention time (HRT), agitation, etc.). Second, to add either pre-treatment or post-treatment processes to the main process to increase the effectiveness of the entire process overall.
  • 73
  • 20 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Fabrication of Ethylene-Chlorotrifluoroethylene Copolymer Membrane
Ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE) was first commercialized by DuPont in 1974. Its unique chemical structure gives it high heat resistance, mechanical strength, and corrosion resistance. But also due to these properties, it is difficult to prepare a membrane from it by the nonsolvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) method.
  • 80
  • 18 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Society 5.0 Resources
Society 5.0 represents an evolution from the industrial focus of Industry 4.0, aiming for a harmonious balance between technological progress and human-centric values, consistent with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. In the endeavor to propel Society 5.0 forward, achieving a profound comprehension of its core resources takes center stage. These resources encompass a wide spectrum, ranging from the tangible and technological elements to the intangible facets deeply intertwined with human-centric considerations.
  • 98
  • 07 Feb 2024
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Intrinsically Conducting Polymer Binders for Battery Electrodes
Binder materials are needed to keep particles of active masses in electrodes for batteries and supercapacitors together and to ensure their adherence to the current collector. Mostly synthetic polymeric materials are used. Because they are electrochemically inert, they do not add to the storage capacity of the electrode. Intrinsically conducting polymers ICPs such as polyaniline, polythiophene or polypyrrole can provide these functions also. They show electronic conduction because of mobile charge carriers generated in them by oxidation or reduction. In addition to providing the binder-function, they improve electronic conductance of the electrode mass because of their inherent conductivity and can also contribute to the charge storage capability of the electrode in the range of potential of the redox activity of ICPs in the used electrolyte solution. In most reports on the application of ICPs as component of conductive binders, their incorporation results in enhanced specific capacity and notable improvement of C-rate capability of electrodes. In addition, ICP binders provide partial or complete wrapping of grains of active electrode materials, which effectively inhibits the interaction with the electrolyte, suppressing side reactions and degradation of functional properties. 
  • 619
  • 04 Feb 2024
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
All-Liquid Metal Battery
A secondary battery (accumulator) employing molten metals or molten metal alloys as active masses at both electrodes and a molten salt as electrolyte in between is called an all-liquid-metal accumulator battery (LMB). Separation of the electrodes and the liquid electrolyte based on segregation caused by different densities and immiscibility of the materials is a characteristic feature. High coulometric storage capabilities of the molten-metal electrodes combined with the relatively low cell voltage and the high stability of the system and the operational principle yield a secondary battery suitable for grid applications and, in particular, for power-quality management and large-scale stationary storage. 
  • 899
  • 04 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Artificial Olfactory Images
The artificial olfactory image was proposed by Lundström et al. in 1991 as a new strategy for an electronic nose system which generated a two-dimensional mapping to be interpreted as a fingerprint of the detected gas species.
  • 95
  • 04 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Liquefied Dimethyl Ether Extraction Technology for Microalgae
Microalgae are a sustainable source for the production of biofuels and bioactive compounds. Dimethyl ether (DME), which is characterized by its low boiling point and safety as an organic solvent, exhibits remarkable properties that enable high extraction rates of various active compounds, including lipids and bioactive compounds, from high-water-content microalgae without the need for drying.
  • 187
  • 30 Jan 2024
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