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Topic Review
Croatian National Theater
The National Theater of Zagreb is considered to be the oldest and most important cultural center in Croatia due to its three activities: opera, theater, and ballet. The artistic production is so fruitful; an average of 220 shows are performed in a season. Because of its national influence over a wide territory, the National Theater of Zagreb is used to promote a seasonal program which is broadly varied, including the performance of local artists representative of different styles and historical periods. Nonetheless, the recitals of classic and contemporary masterpieces attract the biggest audiences.
  • 656
  • 13 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Machine-Learning-Based Methods for Acoustic Emission Testing
Acoustic emission (AE) testing has obvious limitations regarding its reproducibility: as it was said, this type of test involves the formation or progression of cracks in the material. Even when referring to specimens of the same material, of the same dimensions, and subjected to the same load cycle, they do not necessarily produce the same results. This is especially true in the case of anisotropic and heterogeneous materials. Moreover, since the signals used by precursors are of modest entity, to be able to detect possible forms of energy in the material, it is necessary to use particularly sensitive sensors. Further problems arise due to the attenuation phenomena of the acoustic stress wave that is dispersed in the material as it propagates: just as the noise due to sources independent of the possible structural defect can disturb the detection methodology. To overcome these limitations, researchers adopted alternative methodologies to improve the results of the structural damage identification procedures. The capabilities demonstrated by the technologies based on ML in detecting patterns were immediately noticed by AE researchers. To make this nondestructive testing method even more effective, all the methodologies based on ML for the recognition of the stress wave can be applied during the detection phase of the acoustic emission generated by the source. In this way, it is possible to carry out a test that is robust regarding noise and effective in detecting waves of modest entity. The most common methodologies based on ML applied in the field of AE are presented below. ML is a branch of artificial intelligence whose goal is to allow machines to automatically learn something from experience, without the need for them to be programmed in advance. Experience is a collection of data, which can be fixed and immutable, or even expand over time. Learning can be carried out through two main approaches: supervised and unsupervised.
  • 583
  • 03 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Luminescent Carbon Nanoparticles
Among the newest nanostructured luminescent materials, carbon nanoparticles, commonly known as carbon nanodots (CNDs), are of special interest. The term CNDs is commonly used to refer to carbonaceous particles with a size of less than 10 nm. However, the structure and morphology of these particles can be quite diverse. They can include nanoparticles of diamond and graphite, as well as amorphous nanoparticles with a diamond-like, polymer-like, or graphite-like structure. Nanoflakes of graphene and graphene oxide are also often referred to as CNDs. This manuscript referes to luminescent carbon nanoprecipitates synthesised by pyrolysis/thermolysis of organic precursors and  despersed in nanoporous silicas.
  • 525
  • 20 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Nutrition/Exercise in Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers
Malnutrition and muscle wasting are associated with impaired physical functioning and quality of life in oncology patients. Patients diagnosed with upper gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are considered at high risk of malnutrition and impaired function. Due to continuous improvement in upper GI cancer survival rates, there has been an increased focus on multimodal interventions aimed at minimizing the adverse effects of cancer treatments and enhancing survivors’ quality of life. 
  • 525
  • 28 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Simple Models of Pulmonary Artifacts
Nowadays, the diagnostic value of the artefactual information provided by lung ultrasound images is widely recognized by physicians. In particular, the existence of a correlation between the visual characteristics of the vertical artifacts, which arise from the pleura line, and the genesis (pneumogenic or cardiogenic) of a pulmonary disorder is commonly accepted. However, the link between these visual characteristics and the causes which determine them is still unclear. In order to derive further information from the visual inspection of the vertical artifacts the mechanisms which control the artifact formation must be identified. The link between the visual characteristics of the vertical artifacts (the observed effect) and the distribution of the aerated spaces at the pleural level (the cause) must be addressed. Plausible mechanisms should be illustrated through experimental results and through the theoretical analysis of simple models.
  • 408
  • 27 Oct 2021
Topic Review
MEMS Bionic Fish Ear Structure
The sensor is fabricated using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology, and is encapsulated in castor oil, which has an acoustic impedance close to the human body.
  • 395
  • 27 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Cardiovascular Disease after Chronic Kidney Disease
Cardiovascular diseases remain the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), visceral fat depot of the heart, was found to be associated with coronary artery disease in cardiac and non-cardiac patients. Additionally, EAT has been proposed as a novel cardiovascular risk in the general population and in end-stage renal disease patients. It has also been shown that EAT, more than other subcutaneous adipose tissue deposits, acts as a highly active organ producing several bioactive adipokines, and proinflammatory and proatherogenic cytokines. 
  • 382
  • 01 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Optimization Design Methods for PUT
Sound waves are a form of energy transmission in the mechanical vibration state of an object. Ultrasound is a type of sound wave with a vibration frequency higher than 20 kHz, which cannot be heard by humans. A piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer (PUT) is a device for achieving mutual conversion of mechanical energy and electrical energy. Due to the advantages of high safety and low cost, a PUT has been widely used as the core device for non-destructive testing (NDT), medical imaging, particle manipulation, and flow measurement. The traditional optimization design methods are mainly based on an analytical model, an equivalent circuit model, or a finite element model and the design parameters are adjusted by a trial-and-error method, which relies on the experience of experts and has a relatively low efficiency. Recently, by combining intelligent optimization algorithms, efficient optimization design methods for a PUT have been developed based on a traditional model or a data-driven model, which can effectively improve the design efficiency of a PUT and reduce its development cycle and cost. 
  • 380
  • 13 Jul 2021
Biography
Fanny Gates
Fanny Cook Gates (26 April 1872 – 24 February 1931) was an American physicist, an American Physical Society fellow and American Mathematical Society member.[1] She made contributions to the research of radioactive materials, determining that radioactivity could not be destroyed by heat or ionization due to chemical reactions, and that radioactive materials differ from phosphorescent materials
  • 247
  • 18 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Metamaterials for Acoustic Noise Filtering and Energy Harvesting
The twenty-first century’s vision for Factory 4.0 requires more advanced methods for noise filtering while creating much safer and healthier environment. From various perspectives of physics, noise filtering capabilities could be addressed in multiple ways. The physics of noise control is first dissected into active and passive control mechanisms. Further different physics are categorized into different geunere to visualize their respective physics, mechanism, and target of their respective applications. Beyond traditional passive approaches, the comparatively modern concept for sound isolation and acoustic noise filtering is based on artificial metamaterials. These new materials demonstrate unique interaction with acoustic wave propagation exploiting different physics. A few multi-functional metamaterials were reported to harvest energy while filtering the ambient noise simultaneously. It was found to be extremely useful for next-generation noise applications where simultaneously, green energy could be generated from the energy which is otherwise lost. 
  • 232
  • 10 Jul 2023
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