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Topic Review
Hybrid Artificial Intelligence in Groundwater
As one of the world’s most valuable and vital water sources, groundwater is integral to many facets of human life, including food production, economic growth, and safe drinking water. Developing precise soft computing methods for groundwater management, which includes quality and quantity, is crucial for improving water resources planning and management. Significant progress has been made in groundwater management using hybrid machine learning (ML) models as artificial intelligence (AI). 
  • 406
  • 12 May 2023
Topic Review
Desalination Pretreatment Technologies
Pretreatment of raw feed water is an essential step for proper functioning of a reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plant as it minimizes the risk of membrane fouling. Conventional pretreatment methods have drawbacks, such as the potential of biofouling, chemical consumption, and carryover. Non-conventional membrane-based pretreatment technologies have emerged as promising alternatives.
  • 510
  • 11 May 2023
Topic Review
Wetland Water-Level Prediction
Wetlands are simply areas that are fully or partially saturated with water. Wetlands have numerous hydrological, ecological, and social values. They play an important role in interactions among soil, water, plants, and animals. The rich biodiversity in the vicinity of wetlands makes them invaluable. Many anthropogenic activities damage wetlands. Climate change has adversely impacted wetlands and their biodiversity. The shrinking of wetland areas and reducing wetland water levels can therefore be frequently seen. However, the opposite can be seen during stormy seasons. Since wetlands have permissible water levels, the prediction of wetland water levels is important.
  • 344
  • 09 May 2023
Topic Review
Drought Monitoring and Forecasting across Turkey
Drought is the consequence of a significant decline in the hydrological variables such as precipitation, soil moisture, and streamflow that undesirably affects all living beings. There are various indices for drought monitoring and assessment that can identify the characteristics of drought, such as magnitude, severity, and duration. They are obtained from hydro-meteorological indicators, such as precipitation, temperature, runoff, soil moisture, reservoir storage, and groundwater level. Some indices are more appropriate than others for certain circumstances, such as the location of the study area, drought type, and availability of data. With the development of meteorological satellites and RS technology on the one hand and the emergence of data-mining techniques on the other hand, a lot of research has been conducted in the field of drought monitoring and forecasting (DMF) using these technologies. 
  • 323
  • 06 May 2023
Topic Review
Cyanobacteria, Blooms and Cyanotoxins in East African Lakes
Cyanobacteria, algal blooms and cyanotoxins have become common environmental enigmas in marine, freshwater and estuarine ecosystems. In East African lakes, mainly Microcystis, Arthrospira, Dolichospermum, Planktolyngbya and Anabaenopsis species of cyanobacteria have been responsible for the production of anatoxin-a, homoanatoxin-a, microcystins, cylindrospermopsin and nodularin. Microcystins and anatoxin-a have been implicated as the proximal cause of indiscriminate fish deaths and epornitic mortality of lesser flamingos
  • 476
  • 05 May 2023
Topic Review
Characteristics, Concentration, Toxicity of ECs in Water Bodies
Emerging contaminants (ECs) are causing negative effects on the environment and even on people, so their removal has become a priority worldwide. ECs are organic, pseudo-persistent, and unregulated “new” contaminants detected in water/wastewater in trace concentrations (ng/L–µg/L).
  • 143
  • 05 May 2023
Topic Review
Ecosystem Services of Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment
Constructed wetlands (CWs) are nature-based solutions that utilize natural vegetation, soils, and microbes to treat domestic wastewater and industrial effluents. They are engineered treatment systems that mimic the functions of natural wetlands to capture stormwater, reduce nutrient loads, and create diverse wildlife habitats. As an ecosystem, CWs contribute to human well-being by providing certain ecosystem services that can be classified into four distinct categories, namely: provisioning services, regulating services, supporting services, and cultural services.
  • 674
  • 01 May 2023
Topic Review
Rainwater Treatment
Rainwater harvesting is an ancient practice currently used for flood and drought risk mitigation. It is a well-known solution with different levels of advanced technology associated with it. 
  • 245
  • 28 Apr 2023
Topic Review
IWCM in Australia
Interpretations of integrated water cycle management (IWCM) differ across jurisdictions. IWCM has been explored at global, national, state and regional levels. The concept of IWCM has many interpretations. 
  • 415
  • 27 Apr 2023
Topic Review
MW/UV/TiO2 Photocatalysis Technologies for Organic Wastewater Treatment
Microwave (MW)-induced oxidation and ultraviolet (UV)/TiO2 photocatalytic technologies are widely used for organic wastewater treatment. Furthermore, the combination of these technologies (MW/UV/TiO2) result in a new advanced oxidation process. As a green and efficient photocatalytic degradation technology, MW/UV/TiO2 is favored for its advantages of high removal rate, short time use, wide concentration range, low cost, good stability, and no secondary pollution.
  • 388
  • 25 Apr 2023
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