Topic Review
Classified Urban Land Cover Classes
The urban land cover consists of very complex physical materials and surfaces that are constantly having anthropological impacts. The urban surface types are a mosaic of seminatural surfaces such as grass, trees, bare soil, water bodies, and human-made materials of diverse age and composition, such as asphalt, concrete, roof tiles for energy conservation and fire danger, and generally impervious surfaces for urban flooding studies and pollution. The complexity of urban analysis also depends on the scale chosen and its purpose.
  • 1.2K
  • 15 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Climate Change Concerns of Saudi Arabian Farmers
Climate change is a serious threat to the sustainability of global agriculture and food supply that necessitates taking appropriate action for building resilient food production systems and preserving rural economies. In this regard, farmers’ beliefs and concerns about the effects of climate change on agriculture may influence their adoption of adaptation and mitigation practices to address this emerging issue. 
  • 1.3K
  • 29 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Climate Change Impacts on Sunflower Plants
Elevated concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and increased temperatures, carbon and nitrogen metabolism will  affect the plant’s oxidative state in sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) plants
  • 2.1K
  • 24 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Closed-Canopy Tropical Forests of Hainan
The successful establishment of many plants in tropical forests often depends on species-specific adaptations related to light availability and forest successional stage. Species that are present in early successional stages generally do not occur in later successional stages. 
  • 430
  • 01 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Conventional Event Tree Analysis on Liquefied Natural Gas
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is stored in facilities located in urban areas and transported over public roads. A shift towards the broader use of LNG is economically and environmentally justified. Conventional event trees for LNG emergency release in three different units is a concept that is based on the physical and chemical properties of LNG. It has been designed with deep consideration and analysis of past experiences and real cases of LNG incidents. The idea of having training checkpoints, such as ‘decision points’ and ‘learning curve points’ in the continuum of a training or exercise enable the achievement of optimal learning objectives in a flexible way which take into account the trainee individual mental and physical disposition on a day, scalability of difficulty level as well as realistic scenario paths determined by the performance of the trainees facing concrete operational problems.
  • 737
  • 07 Mar 2022
Topic Review
CP4-EPSPS
CP4-EPSPS (Agrobacterium sp. strain CP4 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase) protein showed remarkable thermostability and was highly resistant to proteases, such as trypsin. However, some proteases are able to degrade CP4-EPSPS efficiently. Therefore, these proteases may play key roles in elimintating the pollution of CP4-EPSPS to the environment.
  • 1.9K
  • 28 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Cyanobacteria Controlling Agricultural Plant Diseases
Cyanobacteria, also called blue-green algae, are a group of prokaryotic microorganisms largely distributed in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. They produce a wide range of bioactive compounds that are mostly used in cosmetics, animal feed and human food, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries, and the production of biofuels. Nowadays, the research concerning the use of cyanobacteria in agriculture has pointed out their potential as biofertilizers and as a source of bioactive compounds, such as phycobiliproteins, for plant pathogen control and as inducers of plant systemic resistance. The use of alternative products in place of synthetic ones for plant disease control is also encouraged by European Directive 2009/128/EC. 
  • 512
  • 19 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Denitrification in Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment
The assessment of groundwater vulnerability to nitrate is a valuable tool for the implementation of sustainable groundwater management plans. However, the standard intrinsic vulnerability assessment methods can lead to unreliable results, since they often neglect important attenuation processes, such as denitrification, occurring in the unsaturated and saturated zones.
  • 401
  • 19 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Development Environments and Factors of Subsidence Dolines
On covered karsts, the frequent and rapid development of subsidence dolines result in the striking change of surface conditions and this process may cause a significant damage to man-made constructions. According to current scientific knowledge, a prediction on the development of subsidence dolines and their development sites, by which the damage could be reduced to a great extent, is not possible yet. Based on literary data, in this study, development environments and impacts are described that affect subsidence doline development and the site of development. Point of views are suggested for predicting the development and development sites.
  • 750
  • 11 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Different Domains of Dengue Research in Malaysia
The systematic review provided some useful insights into recommendations for the control of dengue infection in Malaysia. The efforts of translating knowledge into appropriate attitude and preventive practices regarding dengue should be conducted into more sustainable strategies by the active engagement of communities, inculcation of positive culture, improvements of health campaign, and co-operation with faith-based organisations to spread awareness on dengue prevention and control measures.
  • 401
  • 23 Dec 2021
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