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Topic Review
Synthetic Antimicrobial Agents for Textile Finishing
Textiles with antimicrobial functionality have been intensively and extensively investigated in the recent decades, mostly because they are present in everyday life in various applications: medicine and healthcare, sportswear, clothing and footwear, furniture and upholstery, air and water purification systems, food packaging etc. Their ability to kill or limit the growth of the microbial population in a certain context defines their activity against bacteria, fungi, and viruses, and even against the initial formation of the biofilm prior to microorganisms’ proliferation. Various classes of antimicrobials have been employed for these highly specialized textiles, namely, organic synthetic reagents and polymers, metals and metal oxides (micro- and nanoparticles), and natural and naturally derived compounds, and their activity and range of applications are critically assessed.
  • 427
  • 21 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Manufacturing Techniques of IOT Hybrid Fiber Materials
The fabrication of smart fabrics can be divided into coating and lamination processes. Coating methods include dip, knife or blade, air knife, metering rod, transfer, roll, paste dot, and powder. Laminating methods include flame, wet adhesive, hot melt, dry heat, and ultrasonic. Flame lamination is a process in which a prepared thin thermoplastic foam sheet is passed over an open flame to generate a thin layer of a molten polymer. Polyurethane foam (PUF) is the most frequently used foam. Wet adhesives used in the laminating process are either water- or solvent-based. They are applied to the substrate surface in liquid form using conventional coating methods, such as gravure roll coating, spraying, roll coating, and knife coating. Then, the adhesive-coated web is bonded with other substrates under pressure and dried or cured in an oven.
  • 175
  • 24 May 2023
Topic Review
Situation and Sorting of Textiles
The recovery and recycling of textile waste is becoming urgent since textiles are generating more and more waste. In one year, about 92 million tons of textile waste are produced and the fashion industry accounts for 58 million tons of plastic waste per year. Several different synthetic fibres are used in textiles, thanks to their excellent processability and mechanical properties, but on the other hand, the difficulties linked to their end of life and the release of microplastics from them during washing is currently a cause of great concern.
  • 425
  • 05 May 2023
Topic Review
Synthetic Organic Antimicrobial Agents
Synthetic organic antimicrobial agents are organic compounds and polymers that exhibit antimicrobial activity, which is self-activated through the aforementioned mode of action. Their chemical structure is critical for their categorisation. Recently, a huge number of antimicrobial polymers were synthesized. These species could be quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), halogen-containing compounds (molecules containing fluorine or chlorine, N-halamines or triclosan), guanidine-containing polymers (polyhexamethylene vinyguanide), polymers containing phospho- and sulpho-derivatives, polymers of phenol and benzoic acid derivatives, nitro compounds, urea, amines, formaldehyde, organometallic polymers and others.
  • 384
  • 17 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Flexible Textile-Based Sweat Sensors for Wearable Applications
The physical health care system has gradually evolved into a form of virtual hospitals communicating with sensors, which can not only save time but can also diagnose a patient’s physical condition in real time. Textile-based wearable sensors have recently been identified as detection platforms with high potential. They are developed for the real-time noninvasive detection of human physiological information to comprehensively analyze the health status of the human body. Sweat comprises various chemical compositions, which can be used as biomarkers to reflect the relevant information of the human physiology, thus providing references for health conditions. Combined together, textile-based sweat sensors are more flexible and comfortable than other conventional sensors, making them easily integrated into the wearable field. 
  • 609
  • 09 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Fabrication Processes of Conductive Textiles
Wearable electronics are gaining popularity as a platform for the next generation of human-friendly electronic devices. Therefore, a new class of devices with various functionality and amenability for the human body is essential. Traditional textile materials, such as fiber, yarn, and fabric, are non-conductive. Innovative methods and novel processing technologies have been introduced to impart conductivity in textile materials to solve this issue. Coating, printing, deposition, and in situ polymerization are common techniques for this purpose. Here, the newly developed methods with significant potential are summarized, which includes their conductivity level in different applications, such as batteries, displays, and sensors.
  • 1.2K
  • 04 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Unraveling Physical and Chemical Effects of Textile Microfibers
Microfibers are the most prevalent microplastics in most terrestrial, freshwater, and marine biota as well as in human tissues and have been collected from environmental compartments across most ecosystems and species sampled worldwide. These materials, made of diverse compound types, range from semi-synthetic and treated natural fibers to synthetic microfibers. Microfibers expose organisms across diverse taxa to an array of chemicals, both from the manufacturing process and from environmental adsorption, with effects on organisms at subcellular to population levels. Untangling the physical versus chemical effects of these compounds on organisms is challenging and requires further investigations that tease apart these mechanisms. 
  • 475
  • 27 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Functionalization of Cotton Fabrics with Nanotechnology
Textiles are commonly used in industries and households. The surface modification of textiles to impart multiple functions has recently gained a lot of attention. Researchers have successfully functionalized textiles for antibacterial, self-cleaning, flame retardant, UV protection, and enhanced performance properties. Therefore, high-tech materials and fabric constructions will improve wearer comfort while incorporating distinctive features. Among natural fibers, cotton is the most popular because of its softness, breathability, safety, low cost, regeneration performance, strength, elasticity, biodegradability, and hydrophilicity. Cotton fabric does, however, have some disadvantages, including the possibility of microbial attacks on its fibrous structure, the ease with which creases form, and the loss of mechanical strength. Microorganisms can easily grow and propagate on cotton fabrics because they are able to store humidity and have a high specific surface area. A variety of fields, including health and medicine, have benefited from cotton fibers with antimicrobial properties. Hygienic, functional, durable, and comfortable cotton fabrics are expected in modern times. Utilizing nanotechnology in cotton cloth is a significant challenge in achieving these characteristics and advancements. Nanoparticles have been incorporated into textile finishing stages to address the inherent problems while also imparting functional properties to textile materials.
  • 410
  • 21 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Weave Structure and Fabric Properties
Fabric structures are created by interlacing yarns or intermeshing loops to create two-dimensional (2D) flexible materials. The most prevalent structure is woven fabrics, which are made up of two sets of perpendicular yarns that are crossed and interwoven to form a coherent and stable structure.
  • 3.3K
  • 16 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Application of Cyclodextrins in the Textile Area
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are biocompatible and accepted in biological applications; therefore, there is a growing interest in them both scientifically and industrially. CDs are obtained through the enzymatic degradation of potatoes, corn and rice starch, which gives a mixture of linear, branched, or cyclic dextrins. CDs have a very important role in textile processing and innovation; their use provides immediate opportunities for the development of environmentally friendly products and eco-textiles, in addition to having great potential in various applications. Cyclodextrins can be applied in the areas of spinning, pretreatment, dyeing, finishing, and dye removal, with dyeing, finishing, and water treatment being the most applicable in the textile area registered so far.
  • 951
  • 14 Sep 2022
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