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Topic Review
Excess Conductivity Analysis of an YBCO Foam Strut
Magneto-resistance data R(T, B) obtained at temperatures in the range 4.2 K ≤ T ≤ 150 K (applied magnetic fields ranging from 0 to 7 T) were analyzed in the framework of the fluctuation-induced conductivity (FIC) approach using the models of Aslamazov-Larkin (AL) and Lawrence-Doniach (LD). From the R(T, B) curves we determine in a first instance the residual resistivity ρ0, the normal-state resistivity ρn(T), the mean-field transition temperature TcMF (here due to the appearance of two peaks in dρ/dT called Tc1mid and Tc2mid), the temperature T* (the deviation from the linear resistance behavior), and the characteristic temperatures Tconset and Tcoffset. The data of 10% ρn yield information on the irreversibility line (Hirr(T)), and the data of 90% ρn give information on the upper critical field, Hc2(T). This material then serves to obtain the fluctuation induced conductivity (FIC) or excess conductivity. The resulting FIC curves for each applied magnetic field reveal the presence of five distinct fluctuation regimes above the temperature Tcmid, namely, the short-wave (SWF), one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D), three-dimensional (3D), and critical (CR) fluctuation domains. The analysis of the FIC data enable the coherence length in the direction of the c-axis at zero-temperature (ξc(0)), the lower and upper critical magnetic fields (Bc1, Bc2), the critical current density at T = 0 K (Jc(0)) and several other parameters describing the the material’s superconducting properties to be determined. A proper knowledge of the microstructure of the YBCO foam sample contributes to the understanding of the present data. It is revealed that the minuscule Y-211 particles found along the YBCO grain boundaries alter the excess conductivity and the fluctuation behavior as compared to conventional YBCO samples, leading to a quite high value for Jc(0) for a sample with a non-optimized pinning landscape.
  • 57
  • 28 Aug 2024
Topic Review
Event Symmetry
In physics, event symmetry includes invariance principles that have been used in some discrete approaches to quantum gravity where the diffeomorphism invariance of general relativity can be extended to a covariance under every permutation of spacetime events.
  • 827
  • 07 Nov 2022
Biography
Evan O'Neill Kane
Evan O'Neill Kane (December 23, 1924 – March 23, 2006), known as E. O. Kane in his publications, was an American physicist who established some of the basic understanding of the theory of semiconductors that are now used in consumer and other electronics. He was one of the main developers of the k·p perturbation theory which is used to calculate band structures. Kane's great, great uncle,
  • 844
  • 09 Dec 2022
Topic Review
EUV-induced Plasma
Science related to effects in the Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) spectrum range experienced an explosive boom of publications in the last decades. A new application of EUV in lithography was the reason for such a growth. Naturally, an intensive development in such area produces a snowball effect of relatively uncharted phenomena. EUV-induced plasma is one of those. While being produced in the volume of a rarefied gas, it has a direct impact onto optical surfaces and construction materials of lithography machines, and thus has not only scientific peculiarity, but it is also of major interest for the technological application.
  • 1.3K
  • 09 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Europa Thermal Emission Imaging System
The Europa Thermal Emission Imaging System (E-THEMIS) instrument is designed to scan the surface of Europa and identify areas of geologically recent resurfacing through the detection of subtle thermal anomalies. This 'heat detector' will provide high spatial resolution, multi-spectral thermal imaging of Europa to help detect active sites such as outflows and plumes. E-THEMIS will be launched on board the planned Europa Clipper astrobiology mission to Jupiter's moon Europa in 2025. The E-THEMIS uses technology inherited from the THEMIS camera flown on board the 2001 Mars Odyssey orbiter, and the OSIRIS-REx OTES instruments.
  • 406
  • 18 Oct 2022
Biography
Eugen Goldstein
Eugen Goldstein (5 September 1850 – 25 December 1930) was a German physicist. He was an early investigator of discharge tubes, the discoverer of anode rays or canal rays, later identified as positive ions in the gas phase including the hydrogen ion or proton.[1] He was the great uncle of the violinists Mikhail Goldstein and Boris Goldstein. Goldstein was born in 1850 at Gleiwitz Upper Siles
  • 4.8K
  • 30 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Eridanus
Eridanus, the constellation named after the ancient Greek river god, is a sprawling celestial feature stretching across the southern sky. It is the sixth largest of the 88 modern constellations, rich in diverse astronomical treasures.
  • 360
  • 15 Mar 2024
Biography
Erich Kretschmann
Erich Justus Kretschmann (14 July 1887 – 1973) was a Germany physicist.[1] Kretschmann was born in Berlin. He obtained his PhD at Berlin University in 1914 with his dissertation entitled "Eine Theorie der Schwerkraft im Rahmen der ursprünglichen Einsteinschen Relativitätstheorie"[2] (A theory of gravity in the framework of the original Einstein theory of relativity). His advisors were Max
  • 509
  • 08 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Ergontropic Dynamics
Ergontropic dynamics is a concept that links dynamics and thermodynamics based on the concept of energy, work, and entropy. It differs from standard treatments, in particular, in that it does not derive irreversible thermodynamics from reversible microscopic dynamics and the force term, dp/dt, is derived from these principles and not assumed ab initio. The concept offers an intelligible explanation of a number of physical problems by embedding the universal tendency of energy to a minimum and entropy to a maximum in a new framework. The result is a modification of Newton’s dynamic equation of motion that bases the principles of mechanics on the concepts of energy and entropy, rather than the usual definition of force, and integrates the description of translation and vortex motion into a consistent framework. By reframing the fundamental concepts of classical mechanics and electrodynamics through the perspectives of energy and entropy, ergontropic dynamics stands as a novel framework that transcends both of these fields. 
  • 577
  • 30 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Equuleus
Equuleus, Latin for "the little horse," is one of the 88 modern constellations recognized by the International Astronomical Union. Despite its small size and dim stars, Equuleus holds historical significance, dating back to ancient times when it was known as a separate constellation or asterism. Today, it remains a subtle yet intriguing feature of the night sky, nestled between the larger constellations of Pegasus and Delphinus.
  • 190
  • 15 Mar 2024
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