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Topic Review
Transition of State
In quantum mechanics, particularly Perturbation theory, a transition of state is a change from an initial quantum state to a final one.
  • 341
  • 08 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Challenges and Perspective for Lead-Free Double Perovskite-Based PDs
Lead halide perovskite has become a promising candidate for high-performance photodetectors (PDs) due to its attractive optical and electrical properties, such as high optical absorption coefficient, high carrier mobility, and long carrier diffusion length. However, the presence of highly toxic lead in these devices has limited their practical applications and even hindered their progress toward commercialization.
  • 340
  • 06 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Biogas Valorisation to Biomethane
Biogas consists of mainly methane, as a source of energy, and impurities such as carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, water, and siloxanes. These impurities, such as hydrogen sulphide, reduce the biogas energy content and corrode equipment that store, transport, or utilise biogas.
  • 338
  • 09 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Dorado
Dorado, Latin for "the swordfish," is a constellation in the southern sky, first introduced by Dutch navigators in the late 16th century. Situated near the South Celestial Pole, Dorado is renowned for hosting the Large Magellanic Cloud, a satellite galaxy of our Milky Way, and several notable deep-sky objects, including the Tarantula Nebula. Its prominence in the southern hemisphere makes it a significant feature in celestial navigation and astronomical observation.
  • 338
  • 08 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Lower-Energy Irradiation Effects on MgO-Based Magnetic Tunnel Junctions
Electromagnetic waves with wavelengths longer than gamma rays are commonly known as lower-energy waves, such as X-rays, ultraviolet radiation (UV), visible light, infrared radiation, microwaves, and radio waves. These electromagnetic waves have less energy compared to gamma rays, and are generally classified as non-ionizing radiation, with the exception of X-rays.  This discussion revolves the impacts of lower-energy electromagnetic waves on magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) that comprise two ferromagnetic layers separated by a thin insulating barrier.
  • 336
  • 01 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Caelum
Caelum, recognized by the International Astronomical Union (IAU), is a faint and small constellation in the southern celestial hemisphere. It was introduced by the French astronomer Nicolas Louis de Lacaille in the 18th century, representing a chisel, part of the sculptor's tools, in his constellation sketches.
  • 335
  • 29 Feb 2024
Topic Review
High-Precision Quantum Tests of the Weak Equivalence Principle
General relativity has been the best theory to describe gravity and space–time and has successfully explained many physical phenomena. At the same time, quantum mechanics provides the most accurate description of the microscopic world, and quantum science technology has evoked a wide range of developments today. Merging these two very successful theories to form a grand unified theory is one of the most elusive challenges in physics. All the candidate theories that wish to unify gravity and quantum mechanics predict the breaking of the weak equivalence principle, which lies at the heart of general relativity. It is therefore imperative to experimentally verify the equivalence principle in the presence of significant quantum effects of matter. Cold atoms provide well-defined properties and potentially nonlocal correlations as the test masses and will also improve the limits reached by classical tests with macroscopic bodies. The results of rigorous tests using cold atoms may tell us whether and how the equivalence principle can be reformulated into a quantum version. 
  • 335
  • 26 Sep 2023
Biography
Fanny Gates
Fanny Cook Gates (26 April 1872 – 24 February 1931) was an American physicist, an American Physical Society fellow and American Mathematical Society member.[1] She made contributions to the research of radioactive materials, determining that radioactivity could not be destroyed by heat or ionization due to chemical reactions, and that radioactive materials differ from phosphorescent materials
  • 334
  • 18 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Venus In Situ Atmospheric and Geochemical Explorer
Venus In Situ Atmospheric and Geochemical Explorer (VISAGE) is a proposed Venus lander mission that would perform atmospheric and surface science investigations. The mission was proposed in 2017 to NASA's New Frontiers program to compete for funding and development, but it was not selected.
  • 332
  • 07 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Soyuz TM-21
Soyuz TM-21 was a crewed Soyuz spaceflight to Mir. The mission launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome, atop a Soyuz-U2 carrier rocket, at 06:11:34 UTC on March 14, 1995. The flight marked the first time thirteen humans were flying in space simultaneously, with three aboard the Soyuz, three aboard Mir and seven aboard Space Shuttle Endeavour, flying STS-67. The spacecraft carried expedition EO-18 to the space station. This included the first American astronaut to launch on a Soyuz spacecraft and board Mir, Norman Thagard, for the American Thagard Increment aboard the station, which was the first Increment of the Shuttle-Mir program. The three crew members it launched were relieved by Space Shuttle Atlantis during STS-71, when they were replaced by expedition EO-19. The crew returned to earth aboard Soyuz TM-21 on September 11, 1995.
  • 332
  • 16 Nov 2022
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