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Topic Review
Biography
Biography
Carl Eckart
Carl Henry Eckart (May 4, 1902 in St. Louis, Missouri – October 23, 1973 in La Jolla, California ) was an United States physicist, physical oceanographer, geophysicist, and administrator. He co-developed the Wigner–Eckart theorem and is also known for the Eckart conditions in quantum mechanics,[1] and the Eckart–Young theorem in linear algebra.[2] Eckart began college in 1919 at Washing
506
14 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Carina
Carina, Latin for "the keel" or "the hull," is a constellation in the southern celestial hemisphere. Representing the keel of the mythical ship Argo Navis, Carina is home to several notable celestial objects, including the second-brightest star in the night sky, Canopus. It is rich in nebulae, star clusters, and other deep-sky wonders.
431
29 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Cardiovascular Disease after Chronic Kidney Disease
Cardiovascular diseases remain the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), visceral fat depot of the heart, was found to be associated with coronary artery disease in cardiac and non-cardiac patients. Additionally, EAT has been proposed as a novel cardiovascular risk in the general population and in end-stage renal disease patients. It has also been shown that EAT, more than other subcutaneous adipose tissue deposits, acts as a highly active organ producing several bioactive adipokines, and proinflammatory and proatherogenic cytokines.
476
01 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Carbon-Burning Process
The carbon-burning process or carbon fusion is a set of nuclear fusion reactions that take place in the cores of massive stars (at least 8 [math]\displaystyle{ \begin{smallmatrix}M \odot\end{smallmatrix} }[/math] at birth) that combines carbon into other elements. It requires high temperatures (> 5×108 K or 50 keV) and densities (> 3×109 kg/m3). These figures for temperature and density are only a guide. More massive stars burn their nuclear fuel more quickly, since they have to offset greater gravitational forces to stay in (approximate) hydrostatic equilibrium. That generally means higher temperatures, although lower densities, than for less massive stars. To get the right figures for a particular mass, and a particular stage of evolution, it is necessary to use a numerical stellar model computed with computer algorithms. Such models are continually being refined based on nuclear physics experiments (which measure nuclear reaction rates) and astronomical observations (which include direct observation of mass loss, detection of nuclear products from spectrum observations after convection zones develop from the surface to fusion-burning regions – known as dredge-up events – and so bring nuclear products to the surface, and many other observations relevant to models).
2.0K
17 Nov 2022
Topic Review
CAPSTONE (Spacecraft)
Cislunar Autonomous Positioning System Technology Operations and Navigation Experiment (CAPSTONE) is a lunar orbiter that will test and verify the calculated orbital stability planned for the Gateway space station. The spacecraft is a 12-unit CubeSat that will also test a navigation system that will measure its position relative to NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) without relying on ground stations.
539
11 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Capricornus
Capricornus, often depicted as a sea-goat in mythology, is a zodiac constellation located in the southern celestial hemisphere. Its name is derived from the Latin words "capra," meaning goat, and "cornu," meaning horn. Capricornus is notable for containing several bright stars and is associated with the winter solstice in the Northern Hemisphere.
440
29 Feb 2024
Topic Review
CAPP Biological Activities
Plasma is an electrically conducting medium that responds to electric and magnetic fields. Most of the visible matter in the universe (about 99%), such as stars, nebulas and interstellar medium, is in the state of plasma. It consists of large quantities of highly reactive species, such as ions, energetic electrons, exited atoms and molecules, ultraviolet photons, and active radicals in different temperatures. Non-thermal or cold plasmas are partially ionized gases whose electron temperatures usually exceed several tens of thousand degrees K, while the ions and neutrals have much lower temperatures. Due to the presence of reactive species at low temperature, the biological effects of non-thermal plasmas have been studied for application in the medical area with promising results.
567
13 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Capillary-Driven Flow Device
The capillary flow device works on the principle of capillary-driven flow microfluidics and allows detection by multiple microchannels in a single microchip via smartphone imaging/portable detectors. Compared to other types of devices such as dipsticks and paper microfluidic devices, this device is fabricated with cheaper materials, coated with minute amounts of reagents and offers multiplexity on a single microchip. The sample is loaded into the microchannels via capillary force, which eliminates the requirement of external/internal fluidic mechanisms or controls. A capillary-driven flow device was developed in this study which is simple to operate and allows loading multiple samples in a single device.
1.1K
30 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Capacity Sizing of Battery–Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System
A battery–supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system is investigated as a solution to reduce the high-power delivery stress on the battery. An optimally-sized system can further enhance the storage and cost efficiency.
720
17 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Capacitive Field-Effect Bio-Chemical Sensors
Electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS) field-effect sensors belong to a new generation of electronic chips for biochemical sensing, enabling a direct electronic readout. The review gives an overview on recent advances and current trends in the research and development of chemical sensors and biosensors based on the capacitive field-effect EIS structure—the simplest field-effect device, which represents a biochemically sensitive capacitor. Fundamental concepts, physicochemical phenomena underlying the transduction mechanism and application of capacitive EIS sensors for the detection of pH, ion concentrations, and enzymatic reactions, as well as the label-free detection of charged molecules (nucleic acids, proteins, and polyelectrolytes) and nanoparticles, are presented and discussed.
1.0K
19 Apr 2022
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