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Topic Review
Magnetic Guiding
Magnetic guidance is understood as a remote, untethered and contact-free control of the movements of an object via magnetic interactions. The movements should happen on arbitrary trajectories inside a container caused by an external device. The concept of remote magnetic guiding is developed from the underlying physics for bijective force generation over the inner volume of magnet systems. This concept can equally be implemented by electro- or permanent magnets. 
  • 961
  • 07 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Interfaces in State-of-the-Art Cable Connectors
One of the most important causes of insulation system failure is the breakdown of the interface between two solid dielectrics; understanding the mechanisms governing this breakdown phenomenon is therefore critical. Solid–solid interfaces in accessories have non-uniform distributions of electrical fields within them in comparison to cables, where the distribution is mostly radial and symmetrical.
  • 984
  • 07 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Biospeckle Analysis and Biofilm Electrostatic Tests
The development of more sensitive methodologies, capable of quickly detecting and monitoring a microbial population present in a specific biological matrix, as well as performing to allow for the study of all its metabolic changes (e.g., during the formation of biofilm) to occur, is an essential requirement for both well-being and the food industry. Two techniques, in particular, have gained the attention of scientists: The first is “biospeckle”, an optical technique representing an innovative tool for applications in food quality, food safety, and nutraceuticals.  A second technique with great chances is the “biofilm electrostatic test” (BET). BET undoubtedly represents a fast, simple, and highly reproducible tool suitable for admitting the evaluation of the in vitro bacterial capacity in order to adhere through an electrostatic interaction with a pyro-electrified carrier after only 2 h of incubation.
  • 456
  • 03 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Supersonic Flow Control
In high-speed fluid dynamics, base pressure controls find many engineering applications, such as in the automobile and defense industries. Several studies have been reported on flow control with sudden expansion duct. 
  • 1.2K
  • 02 Dec 2021
Topic Review
LiFi Network
Light Fidelity (LiFi), a new technology that uses light to transmit data as a high-speed wireless connection system from a wide spectrum of domains.
  • 791
  • 01 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Sterile Neutrinos with Neutrino Telescopes
Searches for light sterile neutrinos are motivated by the unexpected observation of an electron neutrino appearance in short-baseline experiments, such as the Liquid Scintillator Neutrino Detector (LSND) and the Mini Booster Neutrino Experiment (MiniBooNE). In light of these unexpected results, a campaign using natural and anthropogenic sources to find the light (mass-squared-difference around 1 eV2) sterile neutrinos is underway. Among the natural sources, atmospheric neutrinos provide a unique gateway to search for sterile neutrinos due to the broad range of baseline-to-energy ratios, L/E, and the presence of significant matter effects. Since the atmospheric neutrino flux rapidly falls with energy, studying its highest energy component requires gigaton-scale neutrino detectors. These detectors—often known as neutrino telescopes since they are designed to observe tiny astrophysical neutrino fluxes—have been used to perform searches for light sterile neutrinos, and researchers have found no significant signal to date. 
  • 581
  • 29 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Vector Beam with Longitudinally Varying Polarization during Propagation
The vector optical beam with longitudinally varying polarization during propagation in free space has attracted significant attention in recent years. Compared with traditional vector optical beams with inhomogeneous distribution of polarization in the transverse plane, manipulating the longitudinal distribution of polarization provides a new dimension for the expansion of the applications of vector optical beams in volume laser machining, longitudinal detection, and in vivo micromanipulation. 
  • 858
  • 29 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Cerebral Palsy
Cerebral palsy (CP) is defined as a group of permanent disorders in the development of movements and postures, provoking limitations on activity, attributed to non-progressive disturbances that occurred in the development of the foetal or infant brain.
  • 857
  • 25 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Biological Effects of Non-Ionising UVR and Ionising Radiation
Non-ionising ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and ionising radiation differ in their interactions with biomolecules, resulting in varied consequences. Here describing the underlying molecular interactions of radiation in the context of biological systems and their outcomes from exposure. 
  • 756
  • 24 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Bio-Photonic Cavities
An eco-friendly approach to usual optical cavities, in which an electromagnetic radiation can release energy to matter by interacting with its molecular or atomic structure. Based on bio-inspired and biodegradable meta-surfaces, able to behave as a resonator for light, their optical response can be engineered at will to accomplish a particular optical task.  
  • 628
  • 24 Nov 2021
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