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Topic Review
Exchange Bias in Nanostructures
Exchange bias (EB) is a unidirectional anisotropy occurring in exchange-coupled ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic systems, such as thin films, core–shell particles, or nanostructures. In addition to a horizontal shift of the hysteresis loop, defining the exchange bias, asymmetric loops and even vertical shifts can often be found. 
  • 542
  • 30 Aug 2023
Biography
Ilesanmi Adesida
Ilesanmi Adesida (born 1949, Ifon, Ondo State, Nigeria) is a naturalized United States [1] physicist of Yoruba Nigerian descent.[2] He has been the provost at Nazarbayev University in Astana, Kazakhstan, from September 2016.[3] Adesida is also the Donald Biggar Willett Professor Emeritus of Engineering[4] at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign;[5] he retired from Illinois in 2016. In
  • 542
  • 27 Dec 2022
Topic Review
The Physics of Flows in a Curved Channel
Microchannels with curved geometries have been employed for many applications in microfluidic devices in the past decades. The Dean vortices generated in such geometries have been manipulated using different methods to enhance the performance of devices in applications such as mixing, droplet sorting, and particle/cell separation. Understanding the effect of the manipulation method on the Dean vortices in different geometries can provide crucial information to be employed in designing high-efficiency microfluidic devices.
  • 539
  • 25 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Miles-Phillips Mechanism
In physical oceanography and fluid mechanics, the Miles-Phillips mechanism describes the generation of wind waves from a flat surface by the use of two distinct mechanisms. Both mechanisms are applied on the gravity-capillary waves and have in common that waves are generated by a resonance phenomenon. The Miles mechanism is based on the hypothesis that waves arise as an instability of the sea-atmosphere system. The Phillips mechanism assumes that turbulent eddies in the atmospheric boundary layer induce pressure fluctuations at the sea surface.
  • 541
  • 13 Oct 2022
Biography
William Allis
William Phelps Allis (November 15, 1901 in Menton, France – March 5, 1999 in Cambridge, Massachusetts) was an American theoretical physicist specializing in electrical discharges in gases.[1] He was the grandson of Edward P. Allis,[2] founder of the E.P. Allis Company, which became Allis-Chalmers. Allis majored in school and received his S.B. in 1923 and S.M. in 1924 from the Massachusetts
  • 540
  • 08 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Perovskite Quantum Dots
The excellent luminescence properties of perovskite quantum dots (PQDs), including wide excitation wavelength range, adjustable emission wavelength, narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM), and high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), highly match the application requirements in emerging displays.
  • 538
  • 14 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Enchroma
EnChroma lenses are glasses designed to improve and modify some aspects of color vision deficiency for color blind people. The glasses were invented by Dr. Donald McPherson in 2002. Wearing the glasses results in subtle differences when color blind people look longer and more carefully.
  • 537
  • 17 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Jpsi Meson
The J/ψ (J/psi) meson /ˈdʒeɪ ˈsaɪ ˈmiːzɒn/ or psion is a subatomic particle, a flavor-neutral meson consisting of a charm quark and a charm antiquark. Mesons formed by a bound state of a charm quark and a charm anti-quark are generally known as "charmonium". The J/ψ is the most common form of charmonium, due to its spin of 1 and its low rest mass. The J/ψ has a rest mass of 3.0969 GeV/c2, just above that of the ηc (2.9836 GeV/c2), and a mean lifetime of 7.2×10−21 s. This lifetime was about a thousand times longer than expected. Its discovery was made independently by two research groups, one at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, headed by Burton Richter, and one at the Brookhaven National Laboratory, headed by Samuel Ting of MIT. They discovered they had actually found the same particle, and both announced their discoveries on 11 November 1974. The importance of this discovery is highlighted by the fact that the subsequent, rapid changes in high-energy physics at the time have become collectively known as the "November Revolution". Richter and Ting were awarded the 1976 Nobel Prize in Physics.
  • 537
  • 29 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Controlled Impact Demonstration
The Controlled Impact Demonstration (or colloquially the Crash In the Desert) was a joint project between NASA and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) that intentionally crashed a remotely controlled Boeing 720 aircraft to acquire data and test new technologies to aid passenger and crew survival. The crash required more than four years of preparation by NASA Ames Research Center, Langley Research Center, Dryden Flight Research Center, the FAA, and General Electric. After numerous test runs, the plane was crashed on December 1, 1984. The test went generally according to plan, and produced a spectacular fireball that required more than an hour to extinguish. The FAA concluded that about one-quarter of the passengers would have survived, that the antimisting kerosene test fuel did not sufficiently reduce the risk of fire, and that several changes to equipment in the passenger compartment of aircraft were needed. NASA concluded that a head-up display and microwave landing system would have helped the pilot more safely fly the aircraft.
  • 536
  • 18 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Liquid Crystal-Tuned Planar Optics in Terahertz Range
Terahertz waves of higher frequencies compared to microwave and radio frequency have shown great potential in radar detection and high-speed wireless communication. To spatially control the wavefront of terahertz beams, various novel components, such as terahertz filters, polarization converters and lenses, have been investigated. Metamaterials and metasurfaces have become the most promising technique for the free manipulation of terahertz waves. Metadevices integrated with liquid crystals have been widely used in active terahertz devices.
  • 536
  • 17 Feb 2023
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