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Topic Review
Radiological Investigation of French Fossils
The accurate investigation of uranium-containing fossils in a museum of the City of Basel showed the following crucial points: 1 Storage of uranium-containing minerals or fossils may lead to elevated radon exposures for the staff. The monitoring of the room air is recommended: Eventual taken measures will reduce the exposure to radon (permanent air ventilation, airtight storage of contaminated objects). 2 The handling and preparation of such contaminated objects may lead to significant doses by inhalation of radioactive dust. Such work should not be envisaged without special precautions. These could be wearing protective mask and gloves, working in a clean-bench.
  • 817
  • 04 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Biosensing Using SERS Active Gold Nanostructures
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has become a powerful tool for biosensing applications owing to its fingerprint recognition, high sensitivity, multiplex detection, and biocompatibility. This review provides an overview of the most significant aspects of SERS for biomedical and biosensing applications. 
  • 813
  • 01 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Quantification of 5f Delocalization
By using M4,5 X-ray Emission Spectroscopy (XES) in the tender X-ray regime, it is possible to quantify 5f delocalization in the actinides. Previous analyses, utilizing the Branching Ratio (BR) in the N4,5 X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS), could not discriminate between the cases of localized n = 2 and delocalized n = 3, in uranium materials, where n is the number of 5f electrons on the U entity. Here, it is shown that, by employing the ubiquitous 6p→3d XES as a point of normalization, the localized n = 2 and delocalized n = 3 cases can be easily distinguished and quantified.
  • 812
  • 29 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Stellar Constellations in Fiction
Some stellar constellations have been featured in fictional works.
  • 812
  • 31 Oct 2022
Topic Review
PIXE and XRF in Heritage Science
Analytical techniques play a fundamental role in heritage science (HS). Among them, Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) techniques are widely used in many laboratories for elemental composition analysis. Although they are well-established, a strong effort is put on their upgrade, making them suitable for more and more applications. 
  • 811
  • 11 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Electrification Mechanism of Smart Textile Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Triboelectrification or contact electrification is a universal phenomenon in which two materials contact each other. A triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a new type of energy collection technology first invented by Wang’s team in 2012. By coupling triboelectric charging and electrostatic induction, various forms of irregular, low-frequency, and distributed mechanical energy, which is common in daily life but usually wasted, can be effectively converted into electric energy, including human movement, vibration, wind, mechanical triggering, water waves, and so on.
  • 810
  • 21 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Undernutrition in fragility hip fracture
Geriatric patients with hip fractures often experience overlap in problems related to nutrition, including undernutrition, sarcopenia, and frailty. Such problems are powerful predictors of adverse responses, although few healthcare professionals are aware of them and therefore do not implement effective interventions.
  • 808
  • 30 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Probe for Single-Molecule Fluorescence Microscopy
Probe choice in single-molecule microscopy requires deeper evaluations than those adopted for less sensitive fluorescence microscopy studies. Fluorophore characteristics can alter or hide subtle phenomena observable at the single-molecule level, wasting the potential of the sophisticated instrumentation and algorithms developed for this kind of advanced applications. The three typical groups of fluorophores are fluorescent proteins, organic dyes and quantum dots; here their advantages, drawbacks and use in single-molecule microscopy are discussed. Some requirements are common to all applications, such as high brightness and photostability, specific and efficient labeling, controlled stoichiometry, no perturbation on the system. Other requirements depend on the specific type of single-molecule technique; some of them are here described with their specific requirements for probe choice.
  • 805
  • 13 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Libra
The constellation Libra, known as the Scales or the Balance, is one of the 12 zodiac constellations representing an inanimate object. It is located in the southern sky and is associated with justice and balance. Libra is depicted as scales held by the Greek goddess of justice, Astraea, and is the only zodiac constellation named after an object rather than an animal or character from mythology.
  • 804
  • 15 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Zeta Ursae Majoris
Mizar is a 2nd magnitude star in the handle of the Big Dipper asterism in the constellation of Ursa Major. It has the Bayer designation ζ Ursae Majoris (Latinised as Zeta Ursae Majoris). It forms a well-known naked eye double star with the fainter star Alcor, and is itself a quadruple star system. The whole system lies about 83 light-years away from the Sun, as measured by the Hipparcos astrometry satellite, and is part of the Ursa Major Moving Group.
  • 799
  • 29 Sep 2022
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