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Topic Review
Phthalocyanine Single-Molecule Magnets
Single-molecule magnets (SMMs) have attracted much attention due to their potential applications in molecular spintronic devices. Rare earth SMMs are considered to be the most promising for application owing to their large magnetic moment and strong magnetic anisotropy.  Phthalocyanines (Pcs) are large rings with 18π electron conjugation and have a wide range of applications in spintronics. 
  • 301
  • 26 May 2023
Topic Review
Nonlinear Integrated Photonics
The combination of integrated optics technologies with nonlinear photonics, which has led to the growth of nonlinear integrated photonics, has also opened the way to groundbreaking new devices and applications. They have been made possible by the design of guided-wave structures, which can enhance the material’s nonlinear properties, and/or by the availability of suitable materials, with high nonlinear coefficients.
  • 666
  • 25 May 2023
Topic Review
High-Gradient Ion Linacs for FLASH-RT
Synchrotrons are used for ion beam therapy, while cyclotrons are mainly used for proton therapy. Linacs were not seriously considered for ion beam therapy due to the required accelerator length and extended footprint. With the developments of high-frequency high-gradient accelerating copper structures, more compact linacs are being proposed for protons and ions. These structures should be capable of delivering FLASH beam intensities.
  • 311
  • 24 May 2023
Topic Review
Triboelectric Nanogenerators Based on 2D Materials
The development and production of nanogenerators provide a promising solution to address the energy crisis. Triboelectric nanogenerators, in particular, have attracted significant attention due to their portability, stability, high energy conversion efficiency, and compatibility with a wide range of materials. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have many potential applications in various fields, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT). Additionally, by virtue of their remarkable physical and chemical properties, two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), MXenes, and layered double hydroxides (LDHs), have played a crucial role in the advancement of TENGs. 
  • 432
  • 23 May 2023
Topic Review
Blue Light and Eye Damage
Personal digital devices, emitting high-energy light, namely in the blue wavelength, have raised concerns about possible harmful effects on users’ eyes. Scientific research history has shown a relationship between exposure to blue light and changes in ocular structures.
  • 343
  • 18 May 2023
Topic Review
Classical Approaches at the Synchrotron Radiation Facilites
Synchrotron radiation sources are widely used in interdisciplinary research, generating an enormous amount of data while posing serious challenges to the storage, processing, and analysis capabilities of the large-scale scientific facilities worldwide.
  • 359
  • 15 May 2023
Topic Review
Conventional Tools for Neurodegenerative Disease Diagnosis
Conventional approaches in neurodegenerative disease (ND) diagnosis and challenges in clinical routine testing are addressed in order to understand the context of how molecular-based diagnosis techniques can perform in real, in vivo sampling and bioassays for early ND diagnosis.
  • 332
  • 15 May 2023
Topic Review
Quantum Information Education
Quantum information is an emerging scientific and technological discipline attracting a growing number of professionals from various related fields. Although it can potentially serve as a valuable source of skilled labor, the Internet provides a way to disseminate information about education, opportunities, and collaboration.
  • 269
  • 12 May 2023
Topic Review
Methods for Improving Thermal Fatigue Resistance of Copper
Thermal fatigue is the fatigue failure phenomenon caused by the thermal stress (or thermal strain) cycle caused by the temperature gradient cycle. 
  • 353
  • 11 May 2023
Topic Review
Elasticity
In physics and materials science, elasticity is the ability of a body to resist a distorting influence and to return to its original size and shape when that influence or force is removed. Solid objects will deform when adequate loads are applied to them; if the material is elastic, the object will return to its initial shape and size after removal. This is in contrast to plasticity, in which the object fails to do so and instead remains in its deformed state. The physical reasons for elastic behavior can be quite different for different materials. In metals, the atomic lattice changes size and shape when forces are applied (energy is added to the system). When forces are removed, the lattice goes back to the original lower energy state. For rubbers and other polymers, elasticity is caused by the stretching of polymer chains when forces are applied. Hooke's law states that the force required to deform elastic objects should be directly proportional to the distance of deformation, regardless of how large that distance becomes. This is known as perfect elasticity, in which a given object will return to its original shape no matter how strongly it is deformed. This is an ideal concept only; most materials which possess elasticity in practice remain purely elastic only up to very small deformations, after which plastic (permanent) deformation occurs. In engineering, the elasticity of a material is quantified by the elastic modulus such as the Young's modulus, bulk modulus or shear modulus which measure the amount of stress needed to achieve a unit of strain; a higher modulus indicates that the material is harder to deform. The SI unit of this modulus is the pascal (Pa). The material's elastic limit or yield strength is the maximum stress that can arise before the onset of plastic deformation. Its SI unit is also the pascal (Pa).
  • 1.6K
  • 06 May 2023
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