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Topic Review
Breath Analysis for Disease Diagnosis
Early-stage disease diagnosis is of particular importance for effective patient identification as well as their treatment. Lack of patient compliance for the existing diagnostic methods, however, limits prompt diagnosis, rendering the development of non-invasive diagnostic tools mandatory. One of the most promising non-invasive diagnostic methods that has also attracted great research interest is breath analysis; the method detects gas-analytes such as exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and inorganic gases that are considered to be important biomarkers for various disease-types. The diagnostic ability of gas-pattern detection using analytical techniques and especially sensors has been widely discussed in the literature; however, the incorporation of novel nanomaterials in sensor-development has also proved to enhance sensor performance, for both selective and cross-reactive applications.
  • 897
  • 27 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Deep Learning for Photonic Inverse Design
Inspired by the fast development of deep learning, people have combined the DL techniques with inverse design. At present, DL has been developed rapidly in the field of photonic device inverse design, which can be more efficient than traditional iterative optimization methods.
  • 359
  • 26 Jul 2023
Topic Review
The Role of Probiotics in Skin Health
By regulating skin health and gut–skin axis interactions, probiotics can be used as potential management tools to suppress and improve skin diseases in multiple ways, including decreasing oxidative stress, suppressing inflammatory responses, and keeping immune effects.
  • 418
  • 24 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Single Crystal Synthesis of 11 Iron-Based Superconductors
The 11 system in the iron-based superconducting family has become one of the most extensively studied materials in the research of high-temperature superconductivity, due to their simple structure and rich physical properties. Many exotic properties, such as multiband electronic structure, electronic nematicity, topology and antiferromagnetic order, provide strong support for the theory of high-temperature superconductivity, and have been at the forefront of condensed matter physics in the past decade. One noteworthy aspect is that a high upper critical magnetic field, large critical current density and lower toxicity give the 11 system good application prospects.
  • 221
  • 21 Jul 2023
Topic Review
The Evolution of Ryugu
The asteroid 1999 JU3, which would later be named Ryugu, was classified as a Cg-type asteroid in 2001, based on its strong UV absorption feature shortward of 0.55 um and its flat to slightly reddish slope longward of 0.55 um. Cg-type asteroids are part of the C-complex of asteroids, which were suggested to be “primitive” in nature and potentially the parent bodies for carbonaceous chondrites. The linking of carbonaceous chondrites and C-complex asteroids relates to several interpretations concerning features in the near infrared spectra of C-complex asteroids. The features were interpreted as arising from secondary alteration minerals, including goethite, hematite, jarosite and phyllosilicates, that are the products of aqueous alteration and which are found in carbonaceous chondrites.
  • 188
  • 18 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Sorption
Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) are an environmentally persistent group of chemicals that can pose an imminent threat to human health through groundwater and surface water contamination. The primary adsorption mechanisms identified in the literature are electrostatic interactions and hydrophobic interactions.
  • 214
  • 18 Jul 2023
Topic Review
TiO2 Photocatalysis
Catalysis on TiO2 nanomaterials in the presence of H2O and oxygen plays a crucial role in the advancement of many different fields, such as clean energy technologies, catalysis, disinfection, and bioimplants. Photocatalysis on TiO2 nanomaterials is well-established and has advanced in the last decades in terms of the understanding of its underlying principles and improvement of its efficiency. 
  • 349
  • 17 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Rotating Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Energy Harvesting Applications
Addressing the increasing development of IoT networks and the associated energy requirements, rotating triboelectric nanogenerators (R-TENGs) are proving to be strong candidates in the field of energy harvesting, as well as to that of self-powered devices and autonomous sensors.
  • 536
  • 13 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Metamaterials for Acoustic Noise Filtering and Energy Harvesting
The twenty-first century’s vision for Factory 4.0 requires more advanced methods for noise filtering while creating much safer and healthier environment. From various perspectives of physics, noise filtering capabilities could be addressed in multiple ways. The physics of noise control is first dissected into active and passive control mechanisms. Further different physics are categorized into different geunere to visualize their respective physics, mechanism, and target of their respective applications. Beyond traditional passive approaches, the comparatively modern concept for sound isolation and acoustic noise filtering is based on artificial metamaterials. These new materials demonstrate unique interaction with acoustic wave propagation exploiting different physics. A few multi-functional metamaterials were reported to harvest energy while filtering the ambient noise simultaneously. It was found to be extremely useful for next-generation noise applications where simultaneously, green energy could be generated from the energy which is otherwise lost. 
  • 361
  • 10 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Challenges and Perspective for Lead-Free Double Perovskite-Based PDs
Lead halide perovskite has become a promising candidate for high-performance photodetectors (PDs) due to its attractive optical and electrical properties, such as high optical absorption coefficient, high carrier mobility, and long carrier diffusion length. However, the presence of highly toxic lead in these devices has limited their practical applications and even hindered their progress toward commercialization.
  • 278
  • 06 Jul 2023
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