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Topic Review
Heavy Metals on Male Fertility
Heavy metals are endocrine disruptors which interfere with processes mediated by endogenous hormones of the organism, negatively affecting endocrine functions. Some studies have correlated heavy metal exposure with male infertility. However, the number of studies conducted on humans are limited. 
  • 804
  • 26 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Benefits of the Phytoestrogen Resveratrol for Perimenopausal Women
Endometriosis, characterized by macroscopic lesions in the ovaries, is a serious problem for women who desire conception. Damage to the ovarian cortex is inevitable when lesions are removed via surgery, which finally decreases the ovarian reserve, thereby accelerating the transition to the menopausal state. Resveratrol, a plant-derived molecule that promotes the function and expression of the sirtuin, SIRT1, has been attracting attention, and many reports have shown that resveratrol might exert cardiovascular protective effects. 
  • 799
  • 17 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea
Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea is the most common cause of secondary amenorrhea in women of childbearing age. It is a reversible disorder caused by stress related to weight loss, excessive exercise and/or traumatic mental experiences. The basis of functional hypothalamic amenorrhea is hormonal, based on impaired pulsatile GnRH secretion in the hypothalamus, then decreased secretion of gonadotropins, and, consequently, impaired hormonal function of the ovaries. This disorder leads to hypoestrogenism, manifested by a disturbance of the menstrual cycle in the form of amenorrhea, leading to anovulation. Prolonged state of hypoestrogenism can be very detrimental to general health, leading to many harmful short- and long-term consequences. 
  • 787
  • 28 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Alcohol Consumption and Male Fertility
Heavy alcohol consumption (defined as more than 3 and 4 drinks in a day, or more than 7 and 14 drinks weekly, for women and men, respectively) is reported to negatively affect human health, promote traffic accidents, and alter social behaviors, with severe repercussions for personal, social, and professional lives. Clinically, alcohol consumption has been correlated with an increased incidence of different types of cancer , cardiovascular  and liver diseases, birth defects, and psychiatric disorders.
  • 757
  • 06 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Epigenetics in the Uterine Environment
The societal burden of non-communicable disease is closely linked with environmental exposures and lifestyle behaviours, including the adherence to a poor maternal diet from the earliest preimplantation period of the life course onwards. Epigenetic variations caused by a compromised maternal nutritional status can affect embryonic development and offspring health later in life.
  • 663
  • 14 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Taste Receptors and Sperm Biology
Taste receptors were first described as sensory receptors located on the tongue, where they are expressed in small clusters of specialized epithelial cells. Taste receptors and components of the coupled taste transduction cascade are also expressed during the different phases of spermatogenesis as well as in mature spermatozoa from mouse to humans and the overlap between the ligand spectrum of taste receptors with compounds in the male and female reproductive organs makes it reasonable to assume that sperm “taste” these different cues in their natural microenvironments. 
  • 654
  • 17 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Genetic of Intracranial Haemorrhage
Fetal Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) can be accurately identified in utero and categorized by antenatal sonography and/or MRI. Infectious disease, maternal drug exposure, alloimmune thrombocytopenia, maternal trauma, coagulation disorders and twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome can cause fetal ICH.
  • 652
  • 25 May 2021
Topic Review
Mammalian Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Secretion
Mammalian reproduction is mainly driven and regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which is synthesized and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, is a key regulator that ultimately affects animal fertility. As a dimeric glycoprotein hormone, the biological specificity of FSH is mainly determined by the β subunit. As research techniques are being continuously innovated, studies are exploring the underlying molecular mechanism regulating the secretion of mammalian FSH. 
  • 646
  • 17 May 2021
Topic Review
Ejaculatory Abstinence Interval
A shorter than routinely recommended at present (up to seven days based on the WHO Manual) ejaculatory abstinence interval may result in improved sperm parameters, such as sperm DNA fragmentation, progressive motility or morphology with a potential clinical benefit in IVF/ICSI cycles. In this regard, patients should be discouraged from abstaining for a prolonged time due to the potential negative impact on both semen parameters and clinical outcomes. Further studies to better define the optimum abstinence interval within the SAP are urgently warranted.
  • 645
  • 25 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Human Milk
Human milk is considered the most advantageous source of nourishment for infants. Even though there is no ideal composition of human milk, it still contains a unique combination of components that contribute to brain development.
  • 633
  • 17 Jun 2021
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