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Topic Review
Virus Mutations and SARS-CoV-2
The COVID-19 virus strains were named after Greek alphabetical letters, and the designation is based on the positions and number of mutations. There are some disagreements regarding mutations belonging to specific strain groups, probably because different mutations evolved and spread further on different continents and states.
  • 358
  • 30 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Virus Like Particles in Yeast
Several structural viral proteins can self-assemble to form a capsid without a viral genome. This property of viral proteins has been exploited for constructing virus-like particles (VLPs). The most important feature of VLPs is that they resemble the capsid of the original virus, but they are empty shells that do not contain the viral genome, and thus, they elicit an immune response without propagating inside the cells. VLPs have been produced in Escherichia coli and in mammalian, plant, insect, and yeast cells . 
  • 251
  • 01 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Virus Information Table
Viruses are extremely diverse in nature. Even their method of storing genetic information differs tremendously, from double-stranded DNA to negative sense RNA, as denoted in the Baltimore Classification System. Other features, such as entry and release details, or capsid structure may be important in classifying and understanding viruses.
  • 225
  • 08 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Virus Infection and Systemic Inflammation: COVID-19 and Beyond
Respiratory infections with newly emerging zoonotic viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, the etiological agent of COVID-19, often lead to the perturbation of the human innate and adaptive immune responses causing severe disease with high mortality. The responsible mechanisms are commonly virus-specific and often include either over-activated or delayed local interferon responses, which facilitate efficient viral replication in the primary target organ, systemic viral spread, and rapid onset of organ-specific and harmful inflammatory responses. Despite the distinct replication strategies, human infections with SARS-CoV-2 and highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses demonstrate remarkable similarities and differences regarding the mechanisms of immune induction, disease dynamics, as well as the long-term sequelae.
  • 504
  • 05 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Virus Inactivation by Visible Light
Bacteria and fungi are known to be inactivated not only by ultraviolet radiation but also by visible light. Viruses appear to be sensitive to visible (violet/blue) light.
  • 601
  • 28 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Virus Host Interaction and Uncoating
Influenza is a zoonotic respiratory disease of major public health interest due to its pandemic potential, and a threat to animals and the human population. The influenza A virus genome consists of eight single-stranded RNA segments sequestered within a protein capsid and a lipid bilayer envelope. During host cell entry, cellular cues contribute to viral conformational changes that promote critical events such as fusion with late endosomes, capsid uncoating and viral genome release into the cytosol. 
  • 690
  • 03 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Virus Genetic Diversity
Virosaurus database offers curated virus sequences, available at various degree of clustering. Clustering virus sequences with different similarity scores gives an indication of the genetic diversity of a each virus, and how deep it is. For example HIV-1 and Influenza sequences present high numbers of clusters when clustered at 98% similarity. At 90% similarity, the number of  influenza virus clusters dramatically drops by a factor of about 20, when for HIV-1it drops by a factor of 2. This suggest that the diversity of HIV-1 sequence is somehow deeper that the one for influenza.
  • 817
  • 10 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Virus Elimination in Plants
Virus elimination from plants is mostly based on the in vitro culture of isolated meristem, and in addition thermotherapy, chemotherapy, electrotherapy, and cryotherapy can also be applied. Treatments can result in low rate of survival, inhibited growth, incomplete development, or abnormal morphology.  The rate of destruction depends on the genotypes and physiological condition of plants. There are several ways to decrease the harmful effect of treatments. 
  • 5.5K
  • 31 May 2021
Topic Review
Virus and Cellular Senescence
Cellular senescence is considered a stress response that protects cells against malignant transformation, facilitates tissue repair and development, and prevents virus replication. However, excessive accumulation of senescent cells is associated with chronic diseases such as age-related disorders, cancer, inflammatory diseases and virus replication. The relationship between virus and cellular senescence is proving to be very complex. Cellular senescence can be induced in response to virus infection restricting virus propagation. Some viruses are able to exploit the senescence program to improve their replication, while others have developed strategies to subvert senescence. Therapeutic approaches to eliminate senescent cells may be used as a mechanism to ameliorate age-related diseases, but they may have an impact on virus replication.
  • 944
  • 29 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Virulent Peptides, Streptococcus suis Pathogenesis
The virulence factors and pathogenesis of S. suis are inconclusive. Here, the associated proteins, or their derived peptides, involved in the survival of S. suis when simulated with a blood environment are demonstrated. The results reveal the derived peptides or proteins of S. suis potentially serving as the putative virulence factors. Further studies based on our findings could be used to fulfill the knowledge gap of S. suis pathogenesis. 
  • 559
  • 09 Sep 2021
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